BANCROFT 
LIBRARY 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 


h//-«Wt 

4Jl.^-i 


GREATER  NEVADA 

Its  Resources  and  Possibilities 

Issued  by  the  Nevada  Chamber  of  Commerce 


RIVERSIDE     HOTEL 


RENO,  NEVADA 


Thoroughly 

Modern 

and 

Up-to-date 

Strictly 
First-class 


Headquarters 
for 

Traveling 
Men 

Free  Sample 
Rooms 

Free  Bus 
to  all 
Trains 


H.  J.  GOSSE,  PROPRIETOR 


J.   C.   McDANNEL  THOS.    ARDEN 

TWO    GREATEST    MINING 
CAMPS     IN     THE    WORLD 

MERCHANTS'    HOTEL 

CASEY  &  ARDEN,   Props. 

TONOPAH,  NEV.  COLUMBIA,  NEV. 


TRUSTEES 

E.  R.  DODGE          R.  KIRMAN 

J.  C.  LEOPOLD        J.  H.  GRAY 

N.  W.  ROFF 

Organized  1901 


Greater  Nevada 


OFFICERS 

E.  R.  DODGE,  President 
R.  KIRMAN,  Vice- President 

A.  NELSON,  Treasurer 
O.  A.  DOCKHAM,  Secretary 


Its  Resources 
Possibilities 


250,000   Acres   of  Additional    Land   to   be   at   once   Reclaimed 
Great   Opportunities   for   the    Home   Seeker 

Wealth   for   the   Miner 

Untold    Possibilities   for   the   Agriculturalist   and   the   Stock   Grower 

Gilt   Edge   Investments   for   Capital 


Compiled  and  Arranged  by   Maude   Morrow  Garwood 

Under  the  Authorization   of  the  Nevada   Chamber  of  Commerce 

Reno,  Nevada,  1905 


i 


Introductory. 


NEVADA'S  history  has  so  often  been  written,  and, 
as  a  rule,  is  so  familiar  to  the  average  reader, 
that  for  the  purpose  of  an  introductory  to  this 
pamphlet,  a  brief  reference  to  the  most  striking 
events  and  incidents  of  the  State's  pioneer  days 
is  all  that  seems  necessary. 

As  early  as  the  year  1825,  the  noted  mountaineer,  Jede- 
diah  S.  Smith,  crossed  Nevada,  then  an  unknown  territory, 
from  what  is  now  known  as  Western  Wyoming,  passing 
down  the  Humboldt,  which  he  named  Mary's  River,  thence 
through  the  Walker  River  Valley  and  over  the  Sierras  to 
the  Coast  via  what  afterwards  became  known  as  Walker's 
Pass.  Shortly  after,  Smith  returned  to  his  company's  head- 
quarters on  Green  River,  near  Salt  Lake,  and  the  report 
of  what  he  had  seen  and  the  possibilities  of  the  Great  West 
were  painted  in  such  glowing  colors  that  ere  long  other  par- 
ties were  formed  to  take  advantage  of  the  opportunities 
which  Smith  told  of,  and  to  achieve,  if  possible,  greater 
success  in  the  way  of  discovery  than  Smith  and  his  party 
had  accomplished. 

As  the  years  moved  on  and  the  early  and  venturesome 
emigrants  began  to  cross  the  plains,  the  frontiersmen  of  the 
Mormon  faith  began  to  settle  in  the  fertile  valleys  of  what 
was  then  Western  Utah,  the  Sierras  being  the  extreme  west- 
ern boundary.  These  small  colonies  traded  with  the  hardy 
emigrants,  selling  them  produce,  feed  for  their  wornout 
stock,  and  often  refilling  the  trains  for  their  long,  hard  journey 
to  the  valleys  of  California. 

These  colonies  were  located  in  Carson,  Eagle,  Washoe, 
and  Steamboat  Valleys,  and  in  1851  a  squatters'  government 
was  formed,  and  the  raising  of  live  stock  and  the  cultivation 
of  the  soil  became  an  industry. 


Then  came  the  era  when  the  California  miner  and  pros- 
pector believed  there  were  greater  possibilities  of  hidden 
wealth  in  the  barren  and  rugged  hills  of  Western  Utah  than 
the  Golden  State  afforded,  so  decided  to  "try;  his  luck" 
among  the  Mormons.  The  latter  did  not  take  kindly  to  the 
advance  of  the  gold-seekers  into  what  was  felt  by  this  sect 
to  be  God's  gift  to  His  chosen  people,  but  it  soon  became 
apparent  that  the  advance  of  the  Philistines  was  determined, 
and  the  faithful  would  have  to  return  within  the  shadow 
of  their  temple  for  protection. 

The  Grosh  brothers,  while  prospecting  for  gold  in  the 
locality  now  known  as  American  Flat,  found  silver  ledges 
of  a  very  rich  character  and  plentifully  distributed  over  the 
adjacent  hills.  This  was  in  the  year  1855,  and  they  con- 
tinued their  work  with  varying  success  until  the  year  1858, 
when  one  of  them  died.  A  year  later,  the  Comstock  Lode  was 
discovered,  and  within  two  years  one  of  the  greatest  mining 
excitements  and,  without  doubt,  the  greatest  mining  district 
the  world  has  ever  known  was  a  substantial  reality,  and  the 
territory  of  Nevada  was  launched.  From  that  on  to  the 
present  time  Nevada  has  had  its  periods  of  prosperity  and 
of  depression  like  other  States.  Her  agricultural,  live  stock 
and  manufacturing  interests  have  added  greatly  to  the  ad- 
vantages offered  for  the  homeseeker,  for  within  the  confines 
of  her  territory  men  in  all  walks  of  life  may  find  opportunities 
best  suited  to  their  particular  taste  and  inclination  and  in 
greater  variety  than  any  other  State  in  the  Union.  In  the 
articles  that  follow  information  may  be  had  in  detail  as 
regards  climate,  locality,  prices  and  facilities  of  transporta- 
tion as  well  as  the  various  lines  of  industry  and  investment 
of  which  the  man  of  energy  or  capital  may  be  inclined  to 
take  advantage  of. 


[4] 


Irrigation. 

L.  H.  TAYLOR. 


THIS    project    contemplates    the    utilization   of    the 
waters  of  the  Truckee  and  Carson  Rivers  in  the 
irrigation  of  about  375,000  acres  of  land  in  excess 
of  the   area  now  supplied,  which  area  embraces 
about  40,000  acres  in  the  basin  of  the  Truckee 
River,  and  50,000  acres  in  the  Carson  River  Basin.     In  order 
to  provide  a  water  supply   adequate  for  this  extension  of 
irrigation,  it  is  planned  to  construct  seven  storage  reservoirs, 
of  which  Lake  Tahoe  will  be  one,  on  the  headwaters  of  the 
Truckee  River,  two  reservoirs  on  the  headwaters  of  the  Carson 
River,  and  two  others  in  the  lower  portion  of  the  Carson 
River  Basin,  one  of  which  latter,  designated  as  the  Lower 
Carson  Reservoir,  will  be  supplied  in  the  main  with  water 
to  be  conveyed  from  the  Truckee  River  in  the  canal  now 
under  construction. 

The  lands  susceptible  of  irrigation  comprise  some  12,000 
acres  now  unirrigated,  in  Reno  Valley;  73,000  acres  in  Lem- 
mon's,  Spanish  Spring  and  Warm  Spring  Valley,  to  the  north 
and  northeast  of  Reno;  35,000  acres  in  the  vicinity  of  Wads- 
worth;  about  200,000  acres  in  Carson  Sink  Valley;  35,000 
acres  in  Upper  Carson  Valley;  30,000  acres  in  the  vicinity 
of  Dayton  and  Fort  Churchill  on  Carson  River;  and  85,000 
acres  between  Massie  and  Oreana  Stations  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad.  The  water  supply  is  not  adequate  for  the 
irrigation  of  all  this  area,  but  it  is  not  yet  definitely  decided 
what  portion,  will  be  excluded. 

The  works  now  under  construction,  and  outlined  for  the 
immediate  future,  contemplate  the  irrigation  of  about  235,000 
acres  of  land  in  the  vicinity  of  Wadsworth  and  in  the  Carson 
Sink  Valley.  They  comprise  a  main  canal,  heading  in  the 
right  bank  of  the  Truckee  River,  some  ten  miles  above  the 
town  of  Wadsworth,  and  running  to  the  east  and  southeast  a 


distance  of  thirty-one  miles,  to  the  dam  site  of  the  Lower 
Carson  Reservoir,  about  ten  miles  above  Leetville.  This 
canal  for  the  first  six  miles  of  its  course  will  have  a  capacity 
of  1,400  cubic  feet  of  water  per  second.  At  the  end  of  this 
section,  a  branch  with  a  capacity  of  250  cubic  feet  per  second 
will  take  off  to  the  north,  crossing  the  Truckee  River  by 
means  of  an  inverted  syphon,  running  in  the  direction  of 
Pyramid  Lake,  supplying  some  25,000  to  27,000  acres  of  land, 
the  major  part  of  which  is  included  in  the  Pyramid  Lake 
Indian  Reservation. 

From  the  head  of  this  Pyramid  Lake  branch  to  Carson 
River,  the  main  canal  will  have  a  capacity  of  1,200  cubic  feet 
per  second. 

While  it  is  designed  ultimately  to  supply  a  considerable 
area  of  land  directly  from  this  main  canal,  the  principal  pur- 
pose of  its  construction  is  to  convey  waters  of  the  Truckee 
River,  which  are  used  for  power  purposes  during  the  non- 
irrigation  season,  to  the  Lower  Carson  Reservoir,  where  they 
would  be  impounded  for  use  during  the  irrigating  season  in 
Carson  Sink  Valley. 

I  will  state  here  that  the  combined  capacities  of  the 
various  reservoirs  on  the  headwaters  of  the  Truckee  River 
are  approximately  290,000  acre  feet;  of  the  Lower  Carson 
Reservoir  286,000  acre  feet;  and  of  the  other  three  reservoirs 
on  Carson  River,  combined,  250,000  acre  feet.  This  storage 
water  will  be  used  to  supplement  the  normal  flow  of  the 
Truckee  and  Carson  Rivers  during  the  irrigating  season. 

We  are  now  inviting  proposals  for  the  construction  of 
about  thirty-seven  miles  of  main  distributing  canals  in  the . 
Carson   Sink  Valley,   as  indicated   on  map.     Extensions  of 
these  to  the  laterals  therefrom  will  supply  the  irrigable  por- 
tions of  Carson  Sink  Valley. 

It  is  estimated  that  it  will  take  three  years  from  the 
present  time  to  complete  the  canal  and  drainage  system  for 
the  235,000  acres  of  land  in  the  lower  portions  of  the  Truckee 
and  Carson  River  Basins.  We  expect,  however,  to  be  able 


[5] 


to  supply  water  to  some  30,000  acres  of  land  in  this  district, 
for  the  season  of  1905.  When  this  portion  of  our  irrigation 
system  is  complete,  the  plan  is  to  begin  the  construction  of 
that  required  for  supplying  the  upper  valleys  which  have 
been  enumerated.  It  is  possible,  however,  that  we  may 
extend  a  branch  of  the  Truckee  Canal  practically  paralleling 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  to  the  Lovelock  Valley  on  the 
Lower  Humboldt  River,  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  some 
85,000  acres  of  land  lying  between  Massie  and  Oreana  on 
that  road. 

On  March  23,  1904,  the  following  circular  giving  informa- 
tion to  intending  settlers  was  issued: 

"OFFICE  U.  S.  RECLAMATION  SERVICE, 

19  EAST  SECOND  STREET, 

RENO,  NEVADA. 

"MARCH  23,  1904. 

"To     INTENDING     SETTLERS     ON     PUBLIC     LANDS     UNDER 
TRUCKEE-CARSON   IRRIGATION   PROJECT: 

"The  lands  to  be  irrigated  by  that  portion  of  the  irrigation 
system  now  under  construction  comprise  about  235,000  acres 
situated  in  Washoe,  Storey,  Lyon  and  Churchill  Counties, 
Nevada,  being  in  the  vicinity  of  Wadsworth  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  in  the  Carson  Sink  Valley,  about  200,000 
acres  being  in  the  latter  valley. 

"Of  this  total  area,  some  25,000  acres  are  within  the 
Pyramid  Lake  Indian  Reservation,  to  the  north  of  Wads- 
worth;  about  70,000  acres,  including  railroad  lands,  are  in 
private  ownership;  and  the  remainder,  140,000  acres,  belong 
to  the  public  domain.  Of  this  latter,  about  90,000  are  now 
open  to  entry  under  the  Homestead  Act,  subject  to  the  pro- 
visions of  the  Reclamation  Law,  which  authorizes  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior: 

'  i .     To  limit  the  Homestead  Entry  to  any  area  between 
40  and  1 60  acres. 

"  '2.     To  fix  the  price  per  acre  that  shall  be  charged  for 


water,  which  price  shall  return  to  the  government  the  cost 
of  the  irrigation  works. 

'  '3.     To  fix  the  number  of  annual  payments,  not  exceed- 
ing ten,  and  the  date  when  the  payments  shall  begin. 

'  '4.     To  perform  any  acts  and  make  all  rules  and  regu- 
lations necessary  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  the  law.' 

"The  lands  under  the  Truckee-Carson  Project  can  be 
entered  under  the  Homestead  Act  only.  The  U.  S.  Land 
Office  where  entries  are  made  is  at  Carson  City,  Nevada. 

"There  is  no  charge  for  the  land  other  than  the  usual 
Land  Office  fees. 

"All  entries  will  be  limited  to  from  40  to  160  acres  of  land, 
depending  upon  location,  character  of  soil,  roughness  of 
surface  and  irrigability. 

"All  of  the  public  land  will  be  subdivided  into  homestead 
or  farm  tracts,  each  of  which  will  embrace  enough  irrigable 
land  to  support  a  family  comfortably,  if  well  and  carefully 
tilled  under  irrigation. 

"Any  unmarried  person  over  21  years  of  age,  or  any  head 
of  a  family,  who  is,  or  has  declared  intention  to  become,  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  who  has  not  used  his  or  her  home- 
stead right,  or  who  is  not  then  owner  of  160  acres  of  land,  can 
file  on  any  one  of  these  tracts. 

"Title  to  land  cannot  be  acquired  until  all  payments  for 
water  have  been  made. 

"  Residence  must  be  established  on  land  within  six  months 
after  filing  thereon,  and  must  be  continuous  thereafter. 

"The  cost  of  water  to  settlers  has  not  been  exactly  deter- 
mined, but  will  probably  be  $15  or  $20  per  acre  irrigable, 
payable  in  ten  equal  annual  instalments  without  interest. 

"The  land  is  situated  at  from  3,900  to  4,200  feet  above 
sea  level.  The  climate  is  dry,  the  mean  annual  precipitation 
being  four  to  six  inches.  Snow  rarely  falls  to  a  depth  of  three 
or  four  inches,  and  never  lies  more  than  a  few  days. 

"Temperatures  are  about  the  same  as  at  Salt  Lake  City, 
and  the  same  crops  raised  there,  flourish  here. 


[6] 


"The  soils  are  sandy  loam,  and  ashy  in  the  main,  but  in 
the  lower  part  of  Carson  Sink  Valley  they  are  heavier,  contain- 
ing an  admixture  of  clay.  It  is  all  valley  land  covered  with 
sage-brush  and  greasewood. 

"Well  water,  usually  of  good  quality,  can  be  obtained  on 
the  lower  land  at  from  ten  to  thirty  feet  from  the  surface,  and 
on  the  higher  bench  land,  at  from  100  to  160  feet  depth. 


CARAVAN   WINDING  ITS  WAY  OVER  THE  SAGE-BRUSH   HILLS 
IN  EARLY  NEVADA  DAYS-  1875 

"The  Central  Pacific  Railroad  traverses  a  part  of  the 
land,  but  the  main  body  in  Carson  Sink  Valley  lies  from  five 
to  thirty  miles  from  it. 

"There  are  now  some  12,000  or  15,000  acres  of  land  under 
cultivation  in  Carson  Sink  Valley,  and  the  present  population 
is  probably  800.  There  are  five  public  schools  in  the  valley. 


"The  contractors  on  the  irrigation  works  now  employ 
nearly  1,000  men,  and  as  additional  contracts  are  let,  more 
laborers  will  be  required. 

"In  the  awarding  of  the  contracts  for  the  construction  of 
the  smaller  distributing  ditches  an  effort  will  be  made  to  give 
settlers  upon  the  land  an  opportunity  to  bid  upon  the  work. 

"It  is  likely  that  most  of  those  settlers  who  desire,  can 
find  employment  for  themselves  and  teams  on  the  canals 
during  at  least  a  part  of  their  spare  time,  for  the  next  two  or 
three  years. 

"It  will  take  about  three  years  to  complete  the  construc- 
tion of  the  system  for  the  irrigation  of  the  above  lands,  but 
water  for  from  25,000  to  50,000  acres  will  be  available  in  the 
spring  of  1905. 

"During  the  latter  part  of  July,  1904,  maps  showing  this 
land,  with  approximate  location  of  canals  for  irrigation  and 
drainage,  and  its  subdivision  into  homestead  tracts,  will  be 
completed  and  ready  for  inspection  in  this  office,  and  after- 
ward, additional  maps  of  other  parts  of  the  irrigable  lands 
will  be  prepared  a  reasonable  time  in  advance  of  the  comple- 
tion of  the  works  for  delivery  of  water  thereto. 

"Prospective  settlers  are  advised  not  to  file  upon  land  in 
advance  of  the  preparation  of  these  maps  and  the  announce- 
ment of  the  Department  of  the  Interior  that  it  will  be  watered 
and  is  subject  to  entry  under  the  Reclamation  Law. 

"All  intending  settlers  are  warned  against  agents  claiming 
to  have  special  or  'inside'  information  concerning  the  lands 
to  be  irrigated,  or  the  location  of  the  canals,  and  proposing 
to  furnish  this  information,  or  to  locate  them  on  such  lands 
for  a  consideration,  for  all  such  agents  are  frauds  and  impos- 
tors. 

"L.  H.  TAYLOR,  Engineer. 

"In  charge  Truckee  -  Carson  Project,  U.  S.  Reclamation 
Service." 


[7] 


VIEW   OF    NEVADA  CHAMBER  OK  COMMERCE 


VIEW  OF   NEVADA  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE 


FRANCIS  G.  NEWLANDS,  for  ten  years  a  member  of  to  aid    public    action    either    upon    the    part    of  the   State 

Congress  from  the  State  of  Nevada  and  now  a  mem-  government  or  upon   the  part  of  county  governments  or  of 

ber  of  the  United  States  Senate,  has  been  active  for  irrigation  districts  to  be  organized  in  the  various  valleys  of 

many  years  in  the  promotion  of  western  interests,  the  State.     The  hard  times  resulting  from  the  panic  of  1893 

and  in  the  agitation  of  both  the  silver  and  irrigation  prevented  the  taking  up  of  any  of  these  enterprises  in  the 

questions.     In   1890,  realizing  that  the  manner  hoped  for,    so    Mr.    Newlands, 
development    of   the    State    had   up  to         I^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M        having  become  a  member  of  Congress, 

that    time   been    a    one-sided    develop-                      •. ••  •>•      .  turned  his  attention  to  the  question  of 

ment,      of    mining    interests    only,    he                     _'.,".      :  .            national  irrigation.     He  was  one  of  the 

started   a  movement   for  the    reclama-  )           organizers    of    the   National   Irrigation 

tion    of    the    arid   lands    of    the    State,  Congress,   and   was    always    prominent 

insisting    upon    it   that    Nevada    could  in  the  work  of  education  and  agitation 

never  reach  her  full   proportions   until                    :     ...-.'•  which  it  conducted.     He  sought    upon 

she  supplemented   the  mining  develop-                              .  •          -•'            every  occasion  when  the  subject  could 

ment    by  the  development    of    agricul-                  -;       ."."  be  introduced  to  present  it  in  the  House 

ture,  commerce   and  general  industries.                            ^  •.-             of  Representatives,  feeling  assured  that 

With  a  view  to  giving  the  people  of  the               ,  .              '  no  national  irrigation  measure  could  be 

State    accurate    information    regarding                          ".,'.  ^^V         iH  passed  until  the  representatives  of   the 

irrigation  possibilities,  he  employed  en-                              •-..    ,.  eastern,    southern    and    middle-western 

gineers,  the  chief  of  whom,  L.H.Taylor.              .      .             t  ••         States   were  fully   educated    upon    the 

is  now  supervising  engineer  in  charge  of                                •:V  '  jSk,                           subject.     After  a  considerable  period  of 

the  U.  S.  Reclamation  Service,  sent  out  \~&f(                             education,  both  national  conventions  in 

surveying  parties  and    secured  exhaust-  1896    declared    for    national    irrigation, 


ive  reports  of  the  storage  facilities  and 
reclamation  projects  of  the  four  leading 
rivers  of  the  State  —  the  Truckee, 
Carson,  Walker,  and  Humboldt  Rivers. 
He  published  the  result  of  these  in- 
vestigations in  1892  in  a  printed  report, 
accompanied  by  maps  and  diagrams, 
which  was  circulated  throughout  the 
State.  He  also,  wherever  practicable, 


SENATOR  FRANCIS  G.  NEWLANDS 


and  immediately  afterwards  Senator 
Newlands  framed  a  general  measure, 
which  subsequently  became  a  law,  and 
is  generally  known  as  the  Newlands 
Irrigation  Act.  This  bill  provided  that 
all  the  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  public 
lands  in  thirteen  States  and  three  Ter- 
ritories should  be  put  into  a  special  fund 
in  the  treasury  of  the  United  States,  to 


secured  the  title  to  the  reservoir  sites,  with  a  view  to  pre-  be  called  the  "Reclamation  Fund."     The  bill  then  provided 

venting  them  from  being  held  for  speculative  purposes.     He  that  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  should  make  investigation 

early    announced    that    his    purpose   in    entering   upon    and  and  surveys,   and  wherever  he  found  an  irrigation  project 

pursuing  this  work  was  not  personal  profit,  but  was  simply  practicable  he  should  have  the  power  to  commence  the  work, 

[10] 


provided  the  moneys  necessary  for  each 
contract  were  then  in  the  treasury.  It 
also  gave  him  the  power  to  fix  the  cost  of 
each  project  upon  the  lands  reclaimed  by 
the  sale  of  water  rights  payable  in  ten 
equal  annual  instalments,  without  interest. 
It  provided,  also,  that  he  should  divide 
the  land  reclaimed  into  small  tracts, 
ranging  from  40  to  160  acres,  the  unit  of 
entry  to  be  varied  in  the  acreage  according 
to  its  ability  to  support  a  family.  It  also 
provided  that  the  government  could  sell 
water  rights  for  lands  in  private  owner- 
ship, but  that  no  sale  of  a  water  right 
should  be  made  to  any  one  person  for 
more  than  160  acres,  the  purpose  being 
not  only  to  prevent  monopoly  of  the 
public  lands,  but  to  break  up  the  existing 
monopoly  by  making  it  to  the  interest  of 
owners  of  large  tracts  of  land  to  divide  up 
and  sell  their  lands  into  small  tracts  to 
purchasers  who  could  obtain  water  rights 
from  the  government. 

Under  this  act  over  $20,000,000  have 
been  accumulated  in  the  Reclamation 
Fund,  and  it  is  confidently  expected  that  within  the  next 
twenty  or  thirty  years  from  $150,000,000  to  $200,000,000 
will  be  expended  in  the  various  irrigation  projects  of  the 
West.  Already  five  large  projects  have  been  inaugurated  in 
different  States.  The  first  inaugurated  was  that  in  Nevada, 
which  embraces  the  union  of  the  waters  of  the  Truckee  and 
Carson  Rivers  in  the  great  Truckee-Carson  Reservoir,  from 
which  water  will  be  drawn  and  conducted  by  canals  over 
about  350,000  acres  in  Churchill  County.  Other  projects  are 


RESIDENCE  OK  SENATOR  NEWLANDS,  RENO 


being  investigated  by  the  United  States  Geological  Survey 
on  other  rivers  of  the  State.  Senator  Newlands,  in  co-opera- 
tion with  the  Irrigation  Committees  of  the  Nevada  Senate 
and  Assembly,  drew  up  a  State  Irrigation  Bill,  which  is 
intended  to  bring  all  the  State  authorities  into  co-operation 
with  the  Federal  authorities  in  the  work  of  irrigation  in 
Nevada.  This  bill  was  characterized  by  president  Roose- 
velt upon  his  recent  visit  to  Nevada  as  a  model  of  legislation 
for  other  States. 


E»3 


Some  Factors  in  Sage- Brush 
Farming. 

PROF.  R.  H.  MCDOWELL. 

NEVADA  became  known  to  the  world  through  the 
millions  taken  from  the  Comstock.     In  a  few  more 
years  it  will  be  known  by  its  diversified  farming 
including  high-grade  fruit  farms,   and  herds  of  the 
best  cattle,   sheep   and  horses.     In  fact,   several 
years  ago  Winters'  runners  were  too  fast  for  the  best,  and 
Governor  Sparks'  pure-bred  cattle  were  well  and  favorably 
known  from  Chicago  to  California. 

"Ten  acres  enough,"  was  the  terse  remark  of  the  veteran 
journalist,  Horace  Greeley.  Some  men  in  Nevada  consider 
1,000  to  30,000  acres  enough  till  the  time  comes  when  they 
can  get  a  few  more  acres.  The  United  States  Reclamation 
Service  will  ultimately  bring  under  irrigation  about  300,000 
acres  of  good  farming  land,  which  will  afford  homes  to  several 
thousand  families  who  will  be  given  an  opportunity  to  ex- 
change the  "six  months  winter  and  three  months  cold 
weather"  for  a  land  of  sunshine. 

AREA    OP    THE    STATE. 

The  report  of  the  Surveyor-General  for  1901-1902  gives 
the  area  and  classification  as  follows: 

Area — 112,090  square  miles,  or 71,737,600  acres 

Grazing 30,000,000 

Mineral 15,000,000 

Agriculture 20,000,000 

Forestry 2,000,000 

Saline,    borax    and    sulphur    deposits    and 

deserts 3 -656,000 

Lakes,  rivers  and  sinks 1,081,600 


The  above  area  of  land  and  a  present  population  of 
50,000  people  would  suggest  that  a  large  area — aside  from 
present  holdings  and  the  300,000  acres  of  the  Reclamation 
Service — could  be  secured  by  desirable  families,  provided 
that  surveys  show  that  a  reasonable  amount  of  water  could 
be  had  for  irrigation. 

ALFALFA. 

This  crop  is  quite  extensively  grown  in  the  State,  and  is 
the  best  all  round  feed  that  we  have.  Steers  are  driven 
in  or  unloaded  from  the  cars  and  finished  for  market  on 
alfalfa  fed  in  open  yards  direct  from  the  stack. 

Farm  horses  will  do  their  work  for  a  portion  of  the  year 
when  fed  on  alfalfa,  with  little  or  no  grain.  Some  liverymen 
claim  that  their  horses  do  well  on  this  feed  if  they  do  the 
driving,  but  with  the  general  public  to  do  the  driving,  the 
results  are  not  good. 

Thousands  of  lands  are  pastured  on  the  third  crop  and 
finished  for  market.  Blue  grass  is  one  of  our  best  for  pasture, 
and  the  grasses  with  a  few  weeds  form  the  pasture  on  the 
range,  but  for  the  valleys  and  the  quantity  crop,  we  must 
depend  on  alfalfa.  Two  crops,  in  Western  Nevada,  are  cut 
per  year,  giving  about  3^  tons  per  acre.  An  occasional 
farmer  claims  4  to  8  tons  per  acre. 

In  twelve  years  past,  the  price  has  ranged  from  $4.75 
to  $8  per  ton  in  the  stack.  Single  loads  delivered  in  town 
have  sold  from  $10  to  $14  per  ton.  What  is  locally  called 
grass  or  upland  hay  is  raised  in  several  valleys,  and  is  fed 
at  the  stock-yards. 

GRAIN. 

Grain-growing  is  an  important  fanning  factor  in  some 
sections  of  the  State.  Lovelock  is  credited  with  five  machines 
that  cut,  thresh  and  sack  the  grain. 

Wheat  yields  from  35  to  55  bushels  per  acre  with  farmers. 


[12] 


The  Station  farm  has  grown  67  bushels  per  acre.  There 
is  a  market  for  more  grain  than  what  we  are  raising.  One 
firm  in  this  State,  in  the  past  year,  has  shipped  in  over  2,600 
tons  of  wheat  and  barley,  although  one  valley  supplied  about 
200  tons  of  barley.  Wheat  for  seven  years  past  has  averaged 
$1.31  per  hundred  pounds,  at  Reno. 

Wheat  that  is  fall  sown  will  head  the  latter  part  of  the 
following  May.  In  sowing  White  Austra- 
lian that  has  been  cleaned  and  screened, 
75  pounds  per  acre  is  ample  seed  if  sown 
with  a  drill;  30  pounds  per  acre  has  pro- 
duced a  crop  of  i, goo  pounds,  and  in  one 
case  3,000  pounds  per  acre.  With  fall 
sowing,  three  to  four  irrigations  will  pro- 
duce a  very  fair  crop. 

POTATOES, 

In  local  language  often  called  "  spuds," 
are  quite  extensively  grown  in  several 
counties,  some  farmers  harvesting  from 
75  to  300  tons. 

The  Early  Rose  and  Burbank  have 
been  leading  varieties,  although  in  the 
past  few  years  some  additions  have  been 
made  to  the  list. 

The  yield  is  from  7^  to   n£  tons  per 
acre  —  land    measured    and    the    potatoes 
weighed.      Farmers     usually     report     the 
yield    at   9  to   12    tons     per   acre.       One 
farmer    reports    having     raised     26    tons 
on  an  acre.     In   twelve    years  past,   the    price    has    varied 
from    $8    to    $35     per    ton,    with    an     average    of     about 
$18.     The  home  market  takes  a  portion  of  the  crop,   and 
large  quantities  are  sold  in  Sacramento,  and  are  always  in 
demand  in  San  Francisco,  as  well  as  onions,  and  are  con- 


sidered superior  to  all  others  raised  on  the  Pacific  Coast, 
and  are  valued  highly  for  good  shipping  quality,  especially 
to  the  Hawaiian  Islands.  Nevada  could  easily  raise  all  its 
own  food  products  and  thus  retain  the  millions  that  yearly 
go  East  and  West  for  this  purpose.  Its  onions,  potatoes, 
turnips  and  beets  are  not  only  of  immense  size,  but  of  excel- 
lent flavor.  Its  apples  are  the  equal  in  flavor,  size,  color 


HAY-STACKING  IN  ALFALFA  FIELDS 


and  shipping  quality  to  the  best  apples  raised  in  Oregon, 
Michigan  and  New  York.  Nine  apples  at  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce  measured  37  inches  when  placed  side  by  side, 
and  are  the  same  as  those  that  took  first  premiums  at  New 
Orleans  in  1885  and  1886  and  in  Chicago  in  1893. 


[13] 


A    FEW    EXTRA    PRODUCTS. 


MARKETS 


In  addition  to  alfalfa  and  other  standard  products  pre- 
viously mentioned,  there  are  a  few  others  not  extensively 
grown  and  yet  do  well  with  reasonable  care. 

Hops  do  fairly  well,  producing  500  pounds,  dried,  per 
acre,  the  first  season  after  planting.  For  a  moderate-sized 
yard  the  low  trellis  does  good  service;  the  large  yards  of  the 
Coast  use  the  high  trellis.  This  crop  fluctuates  much  in 
price,  at  times  one  dollar  per  pound,  and  at  other  seasons, 
seven  cents  or  less.  Flint,  of  Sacramento,  who  has  grown 
the  crop  since  1862,  is  one  of  the  best  authorities  on  hop 
culture. 

Tobacco  can  be  brought  to  the  ripening  stage  without 
difficulty;  and  even  cured  without  a  special  house,  was  pro- 
nounced by  the  users  as  all  right.  The  best  way  for  farmers 
to  use  tobacco  is  to  let  it  entirely  alone.  It  costs  a  small 
fortune  in  thirty-five  years,  and  he  has  nothing  to  show  for 
the  investment  but  unsteady  nerves. 

Peanuts  are  as  readily  grown  as  cucumbers,  and  make 
fair  crop  in  quantity  and  quality.  Canada  field  peas  can  be 
drilled  with  a  two-horse  grain  drill,  cut  with  a  mowing  ma- 
chine, and  threshed  with  the  ordinary  steam  grain  thresher. 
One  hundred  to  120  pounds  per  acre  is  about  right  for  seed, — 
yield  per  acre,  2,700  pounds;  145  pounds  of  peas  and  35 
pounds  of  oats  mixed  in,  and  cut  when  the  pods  begin  to 
form,  make  a  partial  substitute  for  hay. 

Some  of  our  citizens  are  making  a  specialty  of  raising 
poultry,  and  are  making  it  very  profitable. 

IRRIGATION. 

The  only  guarding  the  farmer  needs  to  do  regarding  this 
topic  is  to  have  water  rights  certain  and  not  use  too  much 
water.  Use  timely  cultivation,  make  the  best  use  of  farm 
fertilizers,  and  keep  the  weeds  out. 


Are  found  to  a  limited  extent  at  home  and  the  larger  ones 
in  Sacramento,  San  Francisco,  and,  in  some  cases,  Denver 
and  Chicago. 

One  firm  in  the  State  imported  over  2,600  tons  of  grain 
in  the  past  year.  For  those  interested  in  grain  raising,  here 
is  an  opportunity  to  increase  sales.  The  large  capital  in- 
vested by  the  Southern  Pacific  in  the  past  two  years  in  track 
improvement  and  the  erection  of  first-class  shops  and  round- 
house in  Nevada,  the  new  railroad  being  built,  and  the  in- 
creased mining  activity  in  the  southern  part  of  the  State, 
all  mean  a  larger  population,  more  traffic,  and  consequent 
heavier  demand  for  the  products  of  the  farm  or  orchard. 

One  railroad  of  Reno  annually  ships  in  tons  of  the  different 
varieties  of  fruit ;  pork  products  for  years  have  come  to  Reno 
in  car  lots;  poultry  by  the  carload  passes  weekly  through 
this  city  to  the  Coast. 

Perhaps  some  Nevada  man  can  enlarge  his  output  of  the 
above  articles  and  make  the  other  fellow  divide  profits. 

DAIRYING. 

If  a  dairy  is  to  be  conducted  with  one  word,  use  "clean- 
liness." Use  "quiet,"  if  a  second  word  is  added;  with  the 
profitable  results  certain  to  follow  from  the  use  of  these 
words  as  a  guide,  we  can  be  sure  of  system  which  will  include 
"on  time."  The  greatest  profit  comes  with  furnishing  pure 
dairy  goods, —  either  milk,  cream,  or  butter.  Leading  men 
of  this  country  have  said,  "I  go  to  such  a  hotel  because  the 
purity  of  the  milk  is  certain,  and  the  food  in  general  is  the 
best  to  be  had."  In  starting  a  dairy,  first-class  cows  in  every 
respect  should  be  selected  and  tested  by  an  expert,  to  make 
it  certain  that  as  regards  health,  there  can  be  no  criticism. 

Put  up  the  butter  or  cream  in  convenient  and  tasty  pack- 
ages,— the  extra  sales  will  make  it  pay. 


[14] 


SCENES  ON  WINTERS'  RANCHO,  NEAR  CARSON  CITY 


This  farm  industry  has  not  been  extensively  taken  up 
in  Nevada;  several  dairy  plants  that  have  started  and  appar- 
ently carried  on  a  thriving  business  for  a  time  have  been 
closed.  The  factors  of  feed,  pasture,  good  mountain  water 
and  a  desirable  temperature  we  have  in  abundance.  With 
high-grade  dairy  products  and  this  grade  to  a  certainty,  we 
have  a  home  market,  and  can  rely  on  Sacramento,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  probably,  within  certain  limits,  on  cities  east  of 
here.  But  to  have  even  a  portion  of  the  sales  in  the  above 
cities,  the  goods  must  be  above  honest  criticism.  It  is  a  kind 
of  work  that  emphatically  needs  the  right  man  in  the  right 
place.  We  have  several  dairies  in  the  State  that  continue 
to  do  a  good  business.  One  of  these  especially  has  a  large 
call  for  its  products  in  several  counties  of  California.  There 
is  money  in  it  to  the  right  man. 

To  the  man  of  moderate  means  who  comes  to  the  new 
lands  opened  to  farming  by  irrigation,  life  for  the  first  five 
years  will  be  real.  The  mountain  scenery,  trout  stream 
(we  have  both)  side  of  the  question  presented  by  bureaus 
of  information  will  be  to  him  rather  of  a  side  issue  that  will 
produce  but  little  tangible  revenue.  The  man  who  comes 
with  a  practical  knowledge  of  farm  and  garden  work,  who 
has  gone  over  the  ground  in  advance,  or  has  trusted  some 
conservative  friend  to  do  so,  who  has  given  the  subject 
candid  and  continued  thought,  will,  in  a  term  of  years,  win 
a  home  and  a  fair  competence.  In  several  counties  good 
land  can  be  secured, — aside  from  this,  the  right  to  a  definite 
amount  of  water  suitable  for  the  needs  of  irrigation  should  be 
a  matter  of  record  from  competent  and  recognized  authority. 


Horticulture. 

Ross  LEWERS. 

FRUIT   culture   in    Nevada   has   so   far   received   very 
little  attention,  but  the  very  excellent  results  ob- 
tained wherever  it  has  been  tried  should  warrant 
a  much  greater  production  of  fruit.     The  principal 
reasons  why   more   fruit   has   not  been  grown  are, 
want  of  a  market  at  home,  owing  to  our  small  population, 
and  high  rates  for  transportation  to  outside  markets.     But 
both  these  preventing  causes  are  likely  to  be  removed,  as 
large  areas  of  land  are  about  to  be  brought  under  cultivation 
by  the  government  irrigation  system,  which  will  more  than 
double  our  population;  besides,  the  mining  outlook  of  our 
State  never  was  as  bright  as  it  is  now,  and  the  transporta- 
tion companies  show  a  disposition  to  treat  us  more  liberally 
than  formerly,  so  I  think  it  is  safe  to  predict  that  in  the  near 
future  a  great  deal  more  fruit  will  be  planted,  and  more  people 
will  have  an  opportunity  to  enjoy  Nevada  fruit.     Nevada 
apples    have    proven    their   great    excellence    when    brought 
into  competition  with  the  best  of  all  the  other  States  at  New 
Orleans  and  at  Chicago. 

The  beautiful  color  of  fruit  here  must  be  owing  to  the 
high  altitude  (from  3,000  to  over  5,000  feet),  and  clear, 
cloudless  days,  sometimes  warm  in  the  daytime  but  always 
cool  at  night,  and  perhaps  also  to  an  abundant  supply  of 
iron  and  potash  in  the  soil.  The  only  apples  I  have  ever 
seen  that  compare  favorably  with  those  of  Nevada  were 
grown  in  Idaho  and  in  the  Hood  River  Valley  in  Oregon, 
where  similar  climatic  conditions  prevail  and  perhaps  a  simi- 
larity of  soil. 

Fungous  diseases  do  not  thrive  in  this  dry  climate.-  The 
only  injurious  pests  we  have  are  the  woolly  aphis  and  codling- 
moth.  The  former  is  being  eliminated  by  lady-bugs,  and 
the  latter  can  be  kept  under  control  by  close  attention  to 


[16] 


bands  which  form  a  protection  to  a  beetle  that  eats  the  larva? 
of  the  codling-moth.  The  San  Jose  scale  has  made  its  ap- 
pearance in  a  few  places  here,  but  a  spray  of  lime,  salt  and 
sulphur  will  keep  it  from  doing  much  harm  until  its  own 
particular  enemy  multiplies  as  it  did  in  California. 

Strawberries,  raspber- 
ries, loganberries,  black- 
berries and  currants  are 
a  decided  success  here. 
Also  cherries,  plums  and 
pears  do  well  and  are  free 
from  all  diseases,  and  in 
favorable  location  peaches 
are  a  reasonably  sure  crop. 
All  these  fruits  have  a  re- 
markably high  color  and 
a  rich,  fruity  flavor. 

In  the  southern  part 
of  our  State,  in  Lincoln 
County,  almost  semi- 
tropical  conditions  exist. 
There  are  planted  and  in 
bearing,  grapes,  almonds, 
figs,  olives,  and  even  some 
African  dates.  Oranges 
and  lemons,  I  believe, 
have  not  been  tried 
there,  but  no  doubt  they 
would  do  well.  This  part 
of  the  State  has  been  even 
more  retarded  in  fruit  de- 
velopment by  want  of  a 
market  than  the  north- 
western section,  but  a  transcontinental  railroad  now  build- 
ing through  the  southern  part  of  the  State  will  soon  give 
access  to  the  markets  of  the  world. 


BOUGH  OF  APPLE  TREE  FROM  ORCHARD 
OF  ROSS  LEWERS,  NEAR  FRANKTOWN 


Bee  Industry,  Nevada's  Sweetness. 

JOHN  EDWARDS  BRAY. 

THE  honey  industry  of  Nevada  is  not  the  least  of  her 
business  enterprises  and  resources,  though  yet  in 
its  infancy.  Experts  have  placed  the  quality  of 
Nevada  honey  in  the  foremost  rank  at  the  many 
great  exhibitions  held  throughout  the  country  in 
the  past  ten  or  twelve  years.  As  yet  Nevada's  resources  for 
the  production  of  honey  have  scarcely  been  tapped,  and 
when  they  are  once  realized  and  developed,  Nevada  will 
surely  become  the  foremost  honey-producing  section  on  the 
American  continent.  Bee  men  are  just  beginning  to  realize 
that  our  climate  has  superior  advantages  for  bee  culture  and 
fine  honey  production  on  a  large  scale.  Our  dry  atmosphere 
and  abundant  supply  of  moisture  by  irrigation, — the  latter 
condition  being  certain  of  wide  extension  in  the  immediate 
future  under  the  vast  irrigation  projects  and  works  of  the 
United  States  government, — supply  precedent  conditions 
of  a  most  important  nature.  Nevada's  list  of  honey-produc- 
ing plants  is  very  extensive;  in  fact,  nearly  every  known 
variety  of  wild  flower  found  in  the  United  States,  which  has 
value  to  the  apiarist,  can  be  found  growing  on  our  hill  and 
mountain  sides  and  in  many  fertile  valleys.  But  the  chief 
source  of  our  honey  is  alfalfa,  the  king  of  forage  plants,  which 
here  reaches  perfection  in  growth, — in  the  immense  size  of 
plant  and  blossoms  and  in  the  quantity  and  quality  of  nectar 
secreted.  From  spring  until  fall  this  luxuriant  plant  can  be 
found  under  our  system  of  irrigation  and  frequent  harvesting 
of  crops  in  almost  continuous  blossom. 

During  this  long  period  of  bloom,  a  practically  rainless 
period,  the  surplus  honey  is  gathered.  This  honey  has  a 
flavor  distinctly  its  own,  being  very  much  superior,  as  experts 
tell  us,  to  the  famous  sage  honey  produced  in  the  mountainous 


[17] 


regions  of  California.  Samples  of  both  the  comb  and  ex- 
tracted product  were  exhibited  by  Mr.  L.  D.  Flory.*  At 
the  National  Bee-keepers  Convention,  held  in  Los  Angeles, 
California,  in  the  month  of  August  ,  1903,  it  was  said  by  all 
present  to  be  the  finest  on  exhibition,  it  being  in  competi- 
tion with  the  produce  of  nearly  every  important  honey- 
producing  section  in  the  Union.  The  past  two  seasons, 
1902  and  1903,  have  witnessed  an  immense  increase  in 
the  number  of  colonies  operated,  the  increase  being  more 
perceptible  east  of  Reno,  in  the  vast  alfalfa  fields  of 
Washoe,  Churchill,  Humboldt  and  Elko 
Counties.  This  has  been  due  largely  to 
the  importation  of  bees  from  Southern 
California. 

In  further  illustration  of  the  quality 
of  Nevada  honey,  it  might  be  well  to  add 
that  it  took  the  first  premium  at  the 
World's  Fairs  at  New  Orleans  and  at 
Chicago;  at  the  Mechanics'  Fair  in  San 
Francisco;  also  at  State  Fairs  in  Ohio, 
Michigan  and  Indiana.  Black  honey,  so 
frequently  found  in  many  sections,  is 
rarely  seen  in  Nevada.  As  to  the  quantity 
made,  our  bee-men  report  the  average 
about  one  hundred  to  one  hundred  and 
fifty  pounds  per  swarm.  Mr.  J.  M.  Fulton, 
district  passenger  agent  for  Nevada  of  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railway,  informed  the 
writer  that  about  twenty-five  carloads  of 
honey  were  shipped  out  of  Nevada  last 
year  which,  taken  with  the  home  con- 
sumption, would  indicate  that  our  product,  in  1903,  was 
more  than  one  million  pounds  —  a  pretty  good  record  for 

*  Mr.  Flory,  who  furnished  much  of  the  material  for  this  article,  is  one  of  the  far-seeing 
bee-men  who  in  the  past  ten  years  have  left  Cali'oTnia  and  c«  me  over  to  Nevada,  locating 
near  Yerington,  in  Lyon  County,  where  he  has  huilt  up  a  very  fine  apiary,  from  which  he  is 
reaping  a  rich  reward, 


a  new  industry  in  Nevada.  The  reputation  of  Nevada 
honey  for  superiority  has  reached  England  and  France, 
and  within  the  past  year  large  orders  were  received  from 
those  countries. 

It  is  not  possible  within  the  limits  of  this  article  to  refer 
individually  to  all  the  different  bee-men  who  have  become 
prominent  in  this  industry  in  Nevada.  However,  as  we 
have  been  furnished  with  cuts  of  one  of  the  many  large  plants 
in  the  State,  it  has  been  thought  proper  to  present  these  to 
the  readers  of  this  pamphlet,  together  with  some  interesting 


NEVADA  APIARY 


facts  in  connection  therewith,  as  typical  of  our  various  bee 
plants.  Messrs.  Thorn  and  Ercanbrack,  whose  apiary  is 
represented  in  the  accompanying  cuts,  have  three  hundred 
or  more  colonies  in  their  plant  near  Lovelock,  Humboldt 
County,  Nevada,  The  business  is  run  on  a  scientific  basis, 


[18] 


and  all  the  honey  is  extracted  from  the  comb  before  being 
marketed.  Alfalfa  fields  are  the  feeding  grounds  of  the  bees, 
and  they  thrive  wonderfully  well.  The  cuts  show  the  loca- 
tion of  the  colonies  in  a  grove  of  tall  cotton  trees,  and  a  dray -load 
of  extracted  honey  in  cans  on  its  way  to  the  storehouse  or  cars. 
Proper  legislation  for  the  protection  of  the  bees  against 
disease,  and  a  general  co-operation  on  the  part  of  those  en- 
gaged in  the  business,  will  be  essential  as  this  industry  is 
extended,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  State  authorities 
will  give  the  business  the  attention  it  warrants  and  foster 


The  Sugar-Beet  in  Nevada. 


F 


HONEY  READY  FOR  MARKET 

this  growing  industry  of  the  State  of  Nevada.  These  re- 
sults, it  is  believed,  will  soon  be  forthcoming,  and  then 
Nevada  will  stand  in  its  bee  industry  second  to  no  State  in 
the  Union. 


PROF.  N.  E.  WILSON. 

OR  eight  successive  seasons,  from   1891   to  1899,  the 
Nevada  Experiment  Station  conducted  a  series  of 
exhaustive   experiments   with   the   sugar-beet,   with 
the  object  in  view  of  ascertaining  whether  the  con- 
ditions  of   soil    and   climate   prevailing   in    Nevada 
are  suited  to  the  culture  of  beets  contain- 
ing sufficient  sucrose  to  be  of  use  commer- 
cially in  the  manufacture  of  sugar.    A  large 
portion  of   the  State — in  fact,  all  of  the 
northern   and   western    parts — lies  within 
the  thermal  area  suitable  to  beet  .culture. 
Within   this  area,  also,  is  to   be  found   a 
major  portion  of  the  agricultural  lands  of 
the  State ;  and  it  was  to  these  areas  that 
our  investigations  were  confined.     The  first 
season's  work  went  far  to  show  what  could 
be  done,  although  the   minute   details  of 
practical  cultivation  as  applied  to  the  thor- 
oughbred beet  were  by  no  means  well  un- 
derstood at  the  time,  and  it  was  a  very 
difficult   matter  to  get  the  ranchers  who 
were  co-operating  with  the  station  to  un- 
derstand that  the  beet  for  sugar  production 
is  not  that  of  great  size  and  weight  like  the 
prize  pumpkin  at  the  county  fair.      Each 
season's  experience,  however,  brought  im- 
provements in  these  matters,  and  the  re- 
sults  of   each  succeeding  season  were  more  gratifying  than 
those  of  the  preceding. 

The  records  of  the  eighth  year's  work  all  point  to  the 
fact  that  sugar-beets  of  high  sugar  content  and  purity  can 


[19] 


be  grown  here;  and  not  alone  this,  but  that  they  can  be 
grown  in  quantities  amply  sufficient  for  a  factory  supply. 
In  fact  there  are  several  sections  in  the  State,  each  of  which 
could  supply  a  factory  for  a  long  campaign.  This  is  espe- 
cially true  of  the  Lovelock  Valley  in  Humboldt  County,  where 
20,000  acres  of  land  in  a  single  body,  perfectly  adapted  to 
the  growth  of  the  beet,  occur.  The  soils  of  Nevada  are 
exceptionally  strong  in  the  elements  of  plant  food  necessary 
for  beet  growth.  This,  together  with  the  almost  cloudless 
sky  and  bright  sunshine — and  with  the  use  of  good  judgment 


we  can  have  the  best  of  facilities  for  supplying  water,  in  the 
quantities  needed  for  irrigation — makes  this  State  an  ideal 
section  for  the  beet  production. 

It  was  formerly  taught  that  beets  could  not  be  produced 
under  the  irrigation  system,  but  experience  has  shown  that 
beets  can  be  brought  to  a  high  state  of  perfection  under  the 
system.  This  is  not  only  clearly  demonstrated  by  the  cul- 
tural experiments  in  this  State,  but  also  by  the  practical 
work  of  the  factories  at  Lehi,  Utah,  and  in  the  Pecos  Valley 
in  New  Mexico,  and  is  but  an  instance  where  theory  and 
practise  do  not  go  hand  in  hand. 

The  locality  giving  the  best  results  we 
have  found  to  be  the  Lovelock  Valley.  The 
soil  of  this  valley  is  peculiarly  rich  and  fer- 
tile, and  has  been  formed  by  the  growth  and 
decay  of  tules,  which  have  been  covered  by 
sediment,  thus  forming  alternate  layer  after 
layer  of  decayed  tules  and  sedimentary  silt 
to  a  great  depth.  This  valley  contains  at 
least  100,000  acres  of  good  beet  land,  and 
from  20,000  to  30,000  acres  could  undoubt- 
edly be  secured  for  beet-growing  in  the  ad- 
vent of  a  factory  for  the  manufacture  of  the 
product. 

Carson  Valley,  in  Douglas  County,  has  a 
soil  quite  well  adapted  to  beet  culture,  but 
not  so  well  adapted  as  that  of  the  Lovelock 
Valley,  nor  is  it  as  easily  worked,  and  is 
more  gravelly  and  stony.  Water  facilities  in 
this  valley  are  good  and  lime  rock  can  be 
obtained,  but  the  fuel  problem  would  figure 
a  little  more  on  account  of  transportation 
by  team  for  some  distance.  The  results  from 
this  section  are  not  as  promising  as  those 
of  the  Lovelock  Valley,  yet  are  above  the 
average. 


[20] 


In  Mason  Valley,  situated  mostly  in 
Lyon  County,  but  extending  for  a  few 
miles  into  Esmeralda,  the  experiments 
have  been  very  satisfactory.  The  soil 
is  alluvial  and  very  fertile,  and  a  large 
acreage  is  available  for  beet  production 
should  the  circumstances  warrant. 

TheTruckee  Meadows,  in  the  Truckee 
Valley,  Washoe  County,  have  given  good 
returns.  The  soil  is  hardly  of  the  best 
type  for  beet  growing  on  account  of  a 
large  amount  of  coarse  gravel  contained 
in  it,  nevertheless,  good  beets  grow 
there,  and  a  tonnage  of  fifteen  to  the 
acre  has  been  produced. 

In  the  north  end  of  Ruby  Valley  in 
South  Elko  County,   the  soil   is   a    rich 
black  loam  which  has  washed  from  the 
surrounding  mountains    and    has   been 
found  to  be  a  strong  wheat-producing 
soil.     The    experiments    conducted    on 
this  soil  show  it  to  be  a  good  beet  pro- 
ducer.    Other    conditions    are   favorable,  except    fuel.     The 
district  is  too  far  from  the  railroad  to  get  coal  at  such  prices 
as  would  enable  a  factory  to  use   it,  but   an   abundance  of 
mountain  mahogany  would  be  available. 

The  Battle  Mountain  district  in  Humboldt  County  pos- 
sesses a  strong  soil  which  is  easily  worked.  The  facilities 
for  water,  lime  rock  and  fuel  are  about  the  same  as  in  the 
Lovelock  Valley.  The  soil  of  this  vicinity  in  all  probability 
carries  a  little  too  much  alkali  for  the  best  results,  but  it  is 
in  such  form  and  the  topography  of  the  country  is  such  that 
the  excess  could  be  easily  drained  off. 

The  average  of  all  samples  analyzed  during  the  season 


is  as  follows:  Number  of  samples,  183.  Per  cent  of  sucrose 
in  juice,  17.05;  per  cent  of  sucrose  in  the  beet,  16.20;  pur- 
ity, 84.68.  This  average  includes  those  beets  which  were 
grown  without  any  cultivation  or  care  whatever,  and  which 
in  one  case  ran  as  low  as  7.4  in  sugar  content.  This  being 
the  case,  it  is  readily  seen  that  with  proper  care  of  the  beets 
in  all  cases  our  average  of  sugar  content  would  be  very  high. 

The  cuts  published  herewith  are  of  types  of  beets  raised 
in  the  Lovelock  Valley  by  Mr.  John  Harrison.  They  are 
but  a  good  average  of  the  crop  from  about  twenty  acres, 
which  gave  by  very  careful  measurements,  24  tons  of  trimmed 
beets  per  acre. 


[21] 


The   Mining   Industry. 

W.  T.  MORAN. 

U.  S.  Dept.  Min.  Sur. ;  Resident  Surveyor  Comstock  Lode, 
Virginia  City,  Nevada. 

IT  being  impossible  within  a  brief  space  to  give  an  ex- 
haustive description  of  the  mining  industry  of  Nevada, 
the  writer  must  therefore  content  himself  with  making 
a  few  statements  regarding  the  mining  in  the  past  and 
present  within  the  State,  and  offering  a  few  facts  to 
prove  the  statement  which  has  often  been  made, — viz.,  that 
the  mining  and  prospecting  already  done  ;has  merely  been 
scratching.  When  a  good  map  of  Nevada  is  examined,  it 
will  be  noticed  that  the  topography  consists  of  not  less  than 
60  distinct  ranges  of  mountains,  all  of  which  have  been  named, 
besides  many  more  lesser  chains  and  isolated  peaks,  divided 
from  one  another  by  valleys  more  or  less  fertile.  These 
ranges  vary  from  10  to  50  miles  in  length,  and  gold  and  silver 
in  greater  or  less  quantities  is  found  on  every  one  of  them. 
The  mountain  ranges  run  nearly  north  and  south,  but  in 
some  cases  the  mineral  belts  run  east  and  west;  one  in  par- 
ticular, in  Elko  County,  extending  east  and  west,  is  nearly 
40  miles  wide,  and  130  miles  in  length;  gold  in  placers  and 
ledges  has  been  found  in  paying  quantities  throughout  its 
entire  length.  The  area  of  Nevada  is  71,000,000  acres,  mostly 
mountainous.  We  will  proceed  to  show  what  has  been  done 
in  the  few  known  camps.  We  can  form  some  opinion  of  the 
future  possibilities  of  the  State.  Every  day  new  discoveries 
are  being  made.  No  one  ever  heard  of  Tonopah  until  late 
in  1900,  nor  of  Goldfield  until  two  years  later.  -It  is  there- 
fore reasonable  to  suppose  that  many  more  equally  as  rich 
and  productive  districts  will  be  discovered  from  time  to 
time  when  the  ubiquitous  prospector  reaches  them.  It  is 
not  to  be  supposed,  however,  that  no  prospecting  has  been 


done  along  these  ranges;  they  have  all  been  more  or  less  tra- 
versed by  eager  seekers  after  gold  and  silver,  but  various 
causes  led  to  many  promising  ledges  and  placers  being  aban- 
doned for  the  time  being;  among  these  causes  may  be  men- 
tioned inaccessibility,  scarcity  of  water,  lack  of  transporting 
facilities,  lack  of  funds,  etc.  We  will  now  proceed  to  show 
what  has  been  done  in  the  different  Counties,  taking  them 
in  alphabetical  order. 

CHURCHILL  COUNTY.— The  gold  discoveries  in  this 
county  are  phenomenally  rich,  and  several  extensive  copper 
mines  are  turning  out  and  shipping  matte.  In  the  eastern 
part  of  the  county  are  several  high  ranges  of  mountains, 
notably,  Carson  Sink,  Augusta  and  Sinkavata  Mountains. 
These  mountains,  like  all  others  in  Nevada,  are  seamed  with 
ledges,  carrying  gold  and  other  precious  metals.  Many  rich 
veins  of  gold  and  silver  have  been  discovered,  and  have 
turned  out  a  large  amount  of  bullion.  Most  of  the  discov- 
eries are  of  recent  date,  and  give  promise  of  becoming  bon- 
anzas. 

DOUGLAS  COUNTY. — Is  generally  mountainous,  with 
rugged  high  peaks.  The  Pine  Nut  Mountains  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  county  are  seamed  with  ledges  of  quartz,  rich 
with  precious  metals.  There  are  also  rich  placer  mines,  which 
have  been  worked  profitably  in  a  small  way,  the  scarcity  of 
water  preventing  more  extensive  operations.  In  the  southern 
part,  gold  mines  have  been  worked  for  many  years  very 
profitably. 

ELKO  COUNTY. — This  county  contains  10,972,000  acres 
of  land,  or  over  one-seventh  of  the  entire  State  of  Nevada. 
Its  length  is  155  miles  and  width  129  miles.  It  is  not  con- 
sidered a  leading  mining  county,  but  the  net  proceeds  of  its 
mines  hold  a  respectable  relation  to  the  net  proceeds  of  the 
mines  of  the  State.  The  mountains  cover  one-half  the  area 
of  the  county,  and  are  from  8,000  to  12,000  feet  high.  These 
mountains  are  rich  in  minerals,  but  were  never  thoroughly 
prospected.  Tuscarora,  the  leading  mining  camp  of  the 


[22] 


BIRD'S-EYE  VIEW  OF  VIRGINIA  CITY 


county,  was  one  of  the  first  discovered,  and  has  been  worked 
continuously  since.  The  placer  mines  there  discovered  are 
also  being  worked.  Afterwards  silver  ledges  were  developed, 
and  have  turned  out  $10,000,000  worth  of  silver.  Since  the 
advancement  of  gold  in  value,  the  gold  ledges  in  the  district 
have  been  opened  up,  and  are  now  being  profitably  worked. 
ESMERALDA  COUNTY.— The  mines  of  Esmeralda  prin- 
cipally produced  silver,  but  since  the  decline  in  the  value  of 
that  metal,  gold  production  has  received  more  attention,  and 
many  rich  ledges  have  been  opened  up.  The  principal  dis- 


tricts in  this  county  are  Aurora,  Pine  Grove,  Hawthorne, 
Palmetto,  Silver  Peak,  Candelaria,  Silver  Star,  Tule  Canon, 
Montezuma  and  Cambridge.  These  camps  have  produced 
not  less  than  $20,000,000.  In  the  county  is  also  situated  the 
new  camp  of  Goldfield  and  a  part  of  the  camp  of  Tonopah. 
A  few  words  about  the  Goldfield  District  will  not  be  out  of 
place  here.  Scarcely  two  years  old,  it  has  developed  into  a 
very  promising  camp,  and  bids  fair  to  rival  its  sister  camp, 
Tonopah,  from  which  it  is  distant  26  miles.  The  principal 
mines  are  Jumbo,  surface  average  $275  per  ton,  at  50  feet 


[23] 


average  $1,467,  Combination  (ore  goes  $200  to  $400  in  gold), 
the  January  and  Florence. 

EUREKA  COUNTY.— Eureka  District  was  discovered  in 
1864.  This  district  ranks  second  only  to  the  world-famous 
Comstock  in  Storey  County.  The  mines  have  produced  $125,- 
000,000,  and  only  a  few  ledges  known  to  exist  in  this  district 
have  been  worked,  and  very  little  deep  mining  has  been  done. 
In  this  camp,  as  in  many  others,  the  cyanide  process  of  treat- 
ing ore  and  tailings  has  caused  a  great  revival,  and  worked 
a  wonderful  transformation.  Lead  is  largely  produced  from 
the  mines  of  Eureka  District.  Iron  is  found  in  abundance, 
and  near  Palisade  in  the  northern  part  of  the  county  is  a 


YELLOW   JACKET  GOLD  AND   SILVER  MINING  COMPANY, 
GOLD  HILL,  W.  E.  SHARON,  SUPT. 

large  deposit  of  magnetic  iron  ore  now  being  worked.     The 
mining  camps  are  Eureka,  Cortez,  Mineral  Hill  and  Safford. 
LANDER  COUNTY.— Silver  and  gold  were  first  discov- 


ered in  1862,  and  since  then  mining  has  been  the  principal 
industry  of  the  county.  The  most  important  mining  dis- 
tricts of  this  county  are  Austin,  Galena,  Lewis,  Bullion,  Pitts- 
burg,  Kingston,  Marysville,  New  Pass  and  Yankee  Blade. 
Good  prospects  have. been  found  in  every  mountain  range 
in  the  county,  and  throughout  the  county  are  many  rich  un- 


OVERMAN   SILVER   MINING   COMPANY,  GOLD  HILL,  W.  E.  SHARON,  SUPT. 

developed  prospects  of  gold  and  silver.  About  twelve  miles 
southward  from  Austin,  in  the  Tdiyabe  Mountains,  are  the 
Big  Creek  Antimony  Mines,  which  with  similar  ones  in  Hum- 
boldt  and  Churchill  Counties  enjoy  the  distinction  of  being 
the  richest  mines  of  this  metal  in  the  world.  The  ledge  is 
very  wide,  and  about  two  miles  of  its  length  has  been  traced. 
Lander  County  has  produced  over  $36,000,000  worth  of  pre- 
cious metals. 

LINCOLN  COUNTY. — Contains  19,000  square  miles  or 
nearly  12,250,000  acres.  It  was  organized  in  1866,  and  has 
produced  $30,000,000  in  gold,  silver,  lead  and  copper.  Hun- 
dreds of  millions  remain  to  be  extracted,  as  in  fact  mountains 


[24] 


of  mineral  lie  practically  untouched  in  this  county.  Other 
metals  besides  gold,  silver,  copper  and  lead  exist  in  large 
quantities  in  this  county.  In  the  Raymond  and  Ely  Mine 
alone  over  $5,000,000  worth  of  zinc  exists  which  could  be 
extracted  with  profit  were  transportation  cheap. 

LYON  COUNTY.— In  this  county  is  situated  Silver  City, 
one  of  the  richest  mining  districts  in  Nevada.  Many  millions 
in  gold  and  silver  have  been  taken  out,  and  at  present  all  or 
nearly  all  the  mining  claims  are  being  worked  with  more  or 
less  profit.  Here,  too,  cyaniding  has  worked  wonders,  and 
is  being  carried  on  on  a  large  scale.  The  mines  in  this  dis- 


trict carry  a  very  large  proportion  of  gold.  The  great  draw- 
back to  mining  in  this  district  is  the  presence  of  water  within 
100  feet  of  the  surface  preventing  deep  mining.  This  obstacle 
will  be  removed  when  the  system  of  drainage  contemplated 
and  now  being  constructed  is  completed.  In  the  central  and 
southern  parts  of  this  county  promising  gold  and  silver  quartz 
ledges  have  been  found,  notably  at  Como.  In  the  eastern 
part  many  copper  mines  are  being  worked  at  a  profit. 

NYE  COUNTY.— Many  rich  mines  of  gold  and  silver 
have  been  discovered  in  this  county,  and  have  yielded  an 
enormous  amount  of  bullion,  but  as  in  other  portions  of  the 


HOISTING  WORKS'OF  THE  CONSOLIDATED  VIRGINIA  AND  CALIFORNIA  MINING  COMPANY,  VIRGINIA  CITY 

[25] 


State,  the  transportation  facilities  are  almost  absent,  and 
consequently  retard  the  development  of  the  county.  When 
more  railroads  come,  all  this  will  be  changed,  and  it  will  be 
profitable  to  work  low-grade  ores.  A  railroad  has  recently 
been  built  from  Sodaville  to  Tonopah  which  has  given  cheap 
transportation,  and  opened  up  a  vast  territory  containing 
many  rich  mining  camps. 

A  few  words  about  Tonopah  will  show  that  the  State  is 
practically  unexplored  and  unprospected.  Four  years  ago, 
or  in  1900,  James  Butler  discovered  Tonopah,  and  at  present 
writing  there  are  over  4,000  people  in  the  camp.  From  its 
discovery  up  to  the  last  day  of  December,  1901,  $4,500,000 
was  produced.  The  mineral  zone  is  7,000  feet  long  by  5,000 
feet  wide.  Besides  gold  and  silver,  copper,  lead,  antimony,  zinc 
and  quicksilver  have  been  found  in  quantity  in  this  county, 
also  gypsum,  fireclay,  chalk,  soapstone,  borax  and  alum. 

ORMSBY  COUNTY.— There  is  little  or  no  mining  being 
carried  on  in  this  county,  but  many  of  the  wealthy  mine 
owners  of  the  State  have  their  residences  in  Carson,  the  capi- 
tal, which  is  a  beautiful  and  attractive  city. 

STOREY  COUNTY.— This  is  essentially  a  mining  county, 
and  has  produced  the  greater  part  of  the  gold  and  silver  that 
has  been  taken  out  of  the  State.  No  group  of  mines  in  the 
world  have  taken  out  more.  The  amount  is  $600,000,000. 
It  is  the  only  place  in  the  State  where  deep  mining  has  been 
carried  on  to  any  extent.  The  workings  are  down  3,200  feet 
and  some  of  the  most  expensive  pumping  and  hoisting  ma- 
chinery in  the  world  are  in  operation  in  the  mines  of  the 
Comstock.  These  mines  are  as  modern  and  up  to  date  in 
'  their  equipment  and  operations  as  any  in  the  world,  and  the 
use  of  electricity  for  airing  and  lighting  the  mines  is  almost 
universal.  Electricity  is  also  used  for  hoisting  in  some  of  the 
mines,  and  for  pumping  in  the  C.  &  C.  Shaft  of  the  Con.  Cal. 
&  Val.  Mine.  The  entire  mine  is  lighted  by  electricity,  250 
1 6  candle-power  lamps  being  used  in  the  drifts,  stopes  and 
cross-cuts,  as  well  as  at  the  different  stations.  Electricity  is 


also  used  to  compress  air  to  drive  the  drills  and  to  run  the 
fans  used  in  keeping  the  mine  cool.  Previous  to  the  intro- 
duction of  electricity  into  the  camp  the  cost  per  horse-power 
was  $20.00;  this  has  been  reduced  to  $7.00. 

WASHOE  COUNTY. — The  leading  industries  of  this 
county  are  agriculture  and  manufacturing,  but  recently  won- 
derful discoveries  have  been  made  of  almost  fabulously  rich 
mineral  deposits,  notably  at  the  Wedekind  Mine,  near  Reno, 
where  in  apparently  unproductive  rock,  values  as  high  as 
$700  per  ton  have  been  found,  and  extensive  bodies  of  very 
rich  rock  have  been  blocked  out  in  the  various  mines  on  the 
Wedekind  Lode.  Gold  and  silver  have  been  universally 
mined  in  various  other  parts  of  this  county,  which  contains 
also  rich  veins  of  copper,  iron,  sulphur,  borax;  salt  and  soda 
are  to  be  found  in  large  deposits  north  of  Pyramid  Lake. 
There  are  mines  of  quicksilver  also  in  this  county. 

WHITE  PINE  COUNTY.— Some  of  the  richest  silver 
mines  in  the  State  exist  in  this  county,  and  were  universally 
and  profitably  worked  up  to  the  time  when  silver  declined  in 
value.  Lately  many  rich  discoveries  of  gold  have  been  made 
and  new  ones  are  being  constantly  found.  The  principal  min- 
ing districts  are  Hamilton,  Ely,  Eberhardt,  Treasure  City, 
Mineral  City  and  Osceola.  At  Osceola  extensive  placer  mines 
are  being  worked  by  hydraulic  process,  and  annually  yield  a 
large  amount  of  gold. 

SUMMARY.— Nevada  is  one  of  the  richest  States.  It  is 
no  longer  a  silver  State  only.  Employment  can  be  found  for 
more  men  in  mining  for  gold  than  silver  mining  afforded  in 
the  past,  and  a  greater  output  of  wealth  can  be  returned 
every  year.  The  Comstock  ore  is  about  45%  gold.  Eureka 
ore  carries  about  30%  gold.  Lincoln  County  ore  is  mostly 
gold.  Esmeralda  ore,  except  at  Candelaria,  is  all  gold.  Sil- 
ver Peak  has  a  gold  ledge  45  feet  wide  and  miles  in  length. 
Pine  Grove  Ledge  in  Esmeralda  has  produced  $2,000,000  in 
gold;  it  is  200  feet  wide  and  is  traceable  for  miles,  and  is  prac- 
tically untouched.  Hawthorne  is  also  a  gold-bearing  district. 


[26] 


JOHN  W.  MACKAY  U.  S.  GRANT,  JR.  GEN.  U.  S.  GRANT  Ex-Gov.  J.  H.  KINKEAD         JAMES  G.  FAIR 

MRS.  D.  GII.LKTTE  MRS.  U.  S.  GRANT  MRS.  JAS.  G.  FAIR  JAPANESE  SERVANT,  KNEELING 

General  U.  S.  Grant  and  party's  visit  to  the  Consolidated  CaliforniaTand  Virginia  Mines,) Virginia  City.jNevada.iUpon  return  from  a  tour  around  the  world  — 1881 


Sulphur  Mining  in  Nevada. 

THIRTY  years  ago,  while  roaming  over  the  Kamma 
Mountains,  a  Piute  Indian  found  little  mounds  of 
yellow  stuff  that  had  been  brought  to  the  surface 
of  the  earth  by  the  badgers  that  had  their  haunts 
in  that  district.  Indian  George  brought  some  of 
these  yellow  particles  to  Humboldt,  then,  as  now,  a  thriv- 
ing little  eating  station  on  the  line  of  the  Central  Pacific 
Railroad. 

This  mineral,  unknown  to  the  Indian,  but  well  known 
to  two  prospectors  who  were  then  at  Humboldt,  excited 
their  interest,  and  George  was  promised  a  broncho,  a  saddle 
and  blankets  if  he  would  direct  the  prospectors  to  the  spot 
where  he  found  this  strange-looking  yellow  rock.  This  the 
Indian  did. 

The  prospectors  then  and  there  located  the  ground, 
posted  their  notices,  did  their  discovery  work  and  formed  a 
mining  partnership  under  their  names  of  Feely  &  Nord. 

It  was  not  long  before  the  partners  disagreed,  and 
quarrel  followed  quarrel.  One  hot  July  afternoon  a  furious 
fight  took  place  between  them,  and  the  partnership  hereto- 
fore known  to  exist  between  Feely  &  Nord  was  dissolved. 
Feely  lay  dead  over  a  pile  of  sulphur  ore,  with  a  red  streak 
trickling  from  somewhere  underneath  his  blue  cotton  shirt. 

The  law  of  Humboldt  County  pursued  Nord.  He  was 
tried  for  his  life  at  Winnemucca,  and  the  judge's  sentence, 
"To  be  hanged  by  the  neck  until  dead,"  closes  the  simple 
chapter  of  the  discovery  and  location  of  the  sulphur  mines 
of  Humboldt  County,  now  the  largest  in  the  United  States. 

For  long  years  the  property  was  abandoned  and  the 
ghost  of  Feely  was  monarch  and  his  power  supreme.  But 
of  late  years  the  property  again  received  the  attention  of 
mining  men.  After  years  of  idleness,  many  vicissitudes, 
changes  of  ownership  and  losses  amounting  to  thousands 


upon  thousands  of  dollars  by  those  who  undertook  to  work 
the  property,  it  attracted  the  attention  of  Mr.  Isadore 
Zellerbach,  one  of  the  most  successful  business  men  of  the 
city  of  San  Francisco. 

In   August,   1899,    Mr.   Zellerbach   bought  the  property. 


EXHIBIT  AT  ST.  LOUIS  EXPOSITION 


He  organized  the  Nevada  Sulphur  Company,  with  himself  as 
president  and  Mr.  Louis  Bloch  secretary  and  general  man- 
ager. Mr.  Marcus  M.  Baruh  was  placed  in  charge  of  the 
mining  operations,  and.-  under  this  able  management  the 
property  has  been  placed  on  a  dividend-paying  basis,  and 


[28] 


today  ranks  as  one  of  the  foremost  mining  enterprises  in  the 
State  of  Nevada. 

The  mines  are  located  thirty-five  miles  northwest  of 
Humboldt,  in  Humboldt  County,  Nev.,  on  the  western  slope 
of  the  Kamma  Range,  a  low  chain  of  hills  of  volcanic  origin 
rising  out  of  the  desert,  and  bounded  on  the  west  by  a  wide 
expanse  of  almost  perfectly  level  alkali  flats  known  as  the 
Quinn  River  and  Black  Rock  Deserts. 

The  country  rock  of  the  sulphur  deposits  is  of  uniform 
character  and  great  extent.  It  consists  of  an  immense  quan- 
tity of  light  and  dark  grey  tufa  conglomerate,  formed  of  vol- 
canic ashes  and  fragments  of  volcanic  rocks,  which,  in  some 
instances,  are  only  partly  cemented. 

The  sulphur  ore  is  found  in  immense  blanket  formations, 
thousands  of  feet  in  area.  It  is  mostly  mined  underground 
through  tunnels,  but  in  some  instances  is  found  near  the 
surface,  and  is  then  worked  in  open  pits  and  the  ore  quarried. 

The  ore  is  hauled  to  the  refinery  and  deposited  in  cast- 
iron  retorts  holding  about  two  and  one-half  tons. 

A  recent  analysis  of  the  sulphur  produced  by  the  Nevada 
Sulphur  Company,  made  at  the  University  of  California,  at 
Berkeley,  Cal.,  showed  99.81  per  cent  pure  sulphur,  and 
contained  absolutely  no  deleterious  matter.  It  is  equal  to 
sublimed  sulphur  for  all  purposes,  and  has  supplanted  that 
article  throughout  the  Pacific  Slope. 

The  mine  and  refinery  are  operated  the  entire  year,  the 
company  employing  thirty-five  men  in  and  around  their 
works.  They  own  1,600  acres  of  sulphur-bearing  ground 
and  have  thousands  of  tons  of  ore  exposed  —  a  guarantee 
that  the  mine  has  many  years  of  a  profitable  life  before  it. 

The  company  has  made  a  meritorious  exhibit  of  their 
ores  and  products  at  the  St.  Louis  Exposition,  in  the  Min- 
ing Department  of  the  State  of  Nevada. 

Approved  by:  &•§  O.  A.  DOCKHAM, 

Secretary  Chamber  of  Commerce. 


WILLIAM  E.  SHARON,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  born  in  Ohio,  in  the  year  1852.     His  early 
life  was  spent  on  a  farm,  and  his  education  and 
•  training  was  of  that  character  which  fitted  him 
for  the  active  and  practical  side  of  life.     His  na- 
tural affability,  quick  perception  and  excellent  judgment  of 
human  nature  have  been  of  great  advantage  to  him  in  his 
busy  life.     He  is  not  only  generally  popular,  but  among  those 
who  are  more  intimate  with  him,  he  is  regarded  with  the 
highest  of  esteem. 

In  the  year  1872,  when  comparatively  a  boy,  Mr.  Sharon 
came  to  Nevada,  and  has  been  a  resident  of  the  State  con- 
tinuously up  to  the  present,  and  his  judgment  is  that  he  will 
still  be  a  resident  thirty-two  years  from  now  if  Providence  is 
kind  to  him. 

Upon  arriving  in  Nevada,  Mr.  Sharon  located  at  Virginia 
City,  where  he  engaged  in  mining,  gradually  working  himself 
up  from  a  subordinate  position  to  the  superintendency  of 
some  of  the  most  celebrated  mines  on  the  Comstock  Lode 
among  which  are  the  Belcher,  Crown  Point,  Yellow  Jacket 
and  Overman. 

These  mines  have  produced  many  millions  of  dollars,  ma- 
terially increasing  the  world's  wealth  and  adding  greatly  to 
the  prosperity  of  the  western  country. 

Being  an  active,  progressive  and  broad-minded  man,  Mr. 
Sharon  has  always  been  foremost  in  furthering  the  best  in- 
terests of  the  State,  and  has  become  associated  or  directly 
connected  with  many  of  its  best  resources,  hence  he  has  con- 
siderably more  than  an  ordinary  interest  in  the  future  devel- 
opment of  those  resources.  He  is  ever  ready  to  listen  to  any 
plan  for  the  betterment  of  conditions,  or  the  broadening  of 
opportunities  for  the  upbuilding  of  Nevada,  if  such  plans 
have  merit,  and  none  will  enter  into  the  spirit  of  the  project 
more  readily  than  he. 


He  is  not  a  man  that  gives  serious  consideration  to  petty 
jealousies,  class  distinction  or  social  standing.  He  meets  all 
on  the  level,  and  always  has  a  kind  word  for  the  man  in  over- 
alls or  broadcloth.  Billy,  or  Will,  as  he  is  familiarly  known 
all  over  the  State,  is  at  home  in  any  part  of  Nevada. 

In  public  affairs  he  has  always  taken  a  decided  and  active 


BELCHER   SILVER  MINING  COMPANY,   GOLD   HILL,  W.  E.    SHARON,  SUPT. 

part,  not  a  prejudiced  one,  but  from  a  standpoint,  as  he 
viewed  matters,  for  the  benefit  of  the  people,  not  the  indi- 
vidual. 

Mr.  Sharon  never  has  sought  public  office.  He  has,  how- 
ever, been  mentioned  at  various  times  for  Governor,  Congress 
and  other  positions  of  honor  and  trust.  He  served  his  county 
(Storey)  two  sessions  of  the  Legislature  as  State  Senator, 
which  position  he  filled  with  credit  and  honor.  For  the  past 
twelve  years  Mr.  Sharon  has  been  prominent  and  energetic 


in  the  fight  for  silver,  fully  believing  that  the  remonetization 
of  the  white  metal  was  of  paramount  importance  to  the  State 
of  Nevada  as  well  as  to  the  whole  country.  As  chairman  of 
the  Silver  Party  State  Central  Committee,  he  has  been  very 
active  and  his  work  in  this  organization  in  the  interest  of  the 
State  and  for  the  benefit  of  the  taxpayers  and  people  gener- 
ally is  now  a  matter  of  record. 

"The  New  Nevada"  is  not  a  theory  with  Mr.  Sharon, 
but  a  reality  that  is  rapidly  assuming  shape  and  importance. 
His  opportunities  for  securing  information  through  associa- 
tions with  prominent  men  of  capital  and  investors  looking 
for  chances  for  safe  investment,  convinces  him  that  Nevada 
will  soon  rank  as  a  leading  western  State,  and  mining  will 
not,  as  in  the  past  be  her  principal  resource,  for  through  the 
irrigation  projects  now  in  the  course  of  development,  she  will 
take  a  front  place  as  an  agricultural  State. 

Mr.  Sharon  is  associated  as  well  as  directly  connected 
with  some  of  Nevada's  prominent  interests,  the  value  of 
which  will  be  greatly  increased  through  the  policy  of  prog- 
ress and  development  which  is  now  at  hand,  and  which  he 
will  aid  in  every  way  possible. 

In  this  connection  it  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  say  that 
the  fabulous  wealth  produced  from  the  Comstock  Lode  is  a 
matter  of  history,  and  there  are  possibilities  yet  to  be  accom- 
plished which  will  eclipse  the  record  of  any  former  production 
and  even  cause  the  reputed  riches  of  Aladdin  or  the  wealth 
of  Monte  Cristo  to  pale  into  comparative  insignificance.  The 
superintendents  of  all  of  the  Comstock  mines  are  men  of 
sterling  character,  and  their  long  experience  and  practical 
knowledge  of  mining,  together  with  the  optimistic  hopes  which 
every  good  miner  has,  as  a  part  of  himself,  make  them  capa- 
ble of  undertaking  herculean  tasks  and  carrying  them  through 
successfully,  so  at  no  distant  day  the  unwatering  of  the  lower 
levels  of  these  great  mines  will  cause  a  renewed  activity  on 
the  Comstock  Lode  which  -Will  probably  equal  if  not  surpass  the 
period  when  the  "  big  bonanzas  "were  the  wonder  of  the  world. 


[30] 


I 


The  Living  Witness  of  the 
Desert's  Tragedy. 

G.  McM.  Ross. 

N  time  to  come ,  when  New  Nevada  has  reached  a  stage 
of  development  and  repose,  we  can  imagine  her,  when 
thinking  of  the  loved  ones  she  would  honor  or  whose 
•deeds  she  wpul<J  commemorate,  saying: 


"I  dreamed  last  night  of  a  dome  of  beaten  gold 
To  be  a  counter-glory  to  the  Sun; 
There  shall  the  eagle  blindly  dash  himself, 
There  the  first  beam  shall  strike,  and  there  the  moon 
Shall  aim  all  night,  her  argent  archery ; 
And  it  shall  be  the  tryst  of  sundered  stars, 
The  haunt  of  dead  and  dreaming  Solomon ; 
Shall  send  a  light  upon  the  lost  in  Hell, 
And  flashings  upon  faces  without  hope — 
And  I  will  think  in  gold  and  dream  in  silver, 
Imagine  in  marble  and  in  bronze  conceive." 
Within  the  limits  of  the  shadow  of  such  a  dome,  on  a  pedestal 
of  silver,  an  eternal  place  has  been  earned  by  our  four-footed 
friend  whose  picture  heads  the  article  and  whose  merit  and 
worth  have  been  belied  or  belittled  by  the  poet  who  said: 
"A  fellow  feeling  makes  us  wondrous  kind,"  by  the  philoso- 
pher who  said:  "Spirit  that  lurks  each  form  within,  beckons 
to  spirit  of  its  kin,"  and  by  the  general  indifference  to  the 
important  part  he  has  played  in  the  development  of  Nevada. 
With  the  exception  of  the  Comstock,  there  is  no  mining  camp 
in  the  State  that  does  not  owe  its  discovery,  directly  or  in- 
directly, to  the  so-called  vagaries  of  our  friend,  but  in  reality 
to  his  courage,  patience,  and  ability  to  suffer  the  tortures  of 
hunger  and  thirst  that  drive  men  mad. 

In  palatial  homes  in  eastern  cities,  fair  women  are  decor- 
ated with  wondrous  jewels  whose  marvelous  beauty  mocks 
the  sunlight.  The  palace,  the  jewels,  even  the  women,  would 
not  be  so  assembled  but  for  the  part  played  by  the  burro,  in 
the  discovery  of  Tonapah. 

Other  animals  have  been,  and  still  are,  worshipped  for 
services  to  man  less  conspicuous  than  the  carrier  of  a  Saviour, 
or  the  only  possible  companion  of  the  dauntless  prospector  of 
Nevada's  deserts.  It  may  be  that  to  acquaint  the  world  with 
the  merits  that  have  so  long  been  hid  by  time  and  fate,  is  no 
small  part  of  the  mission  of  New  Nevada,  herself,  represent- 
ing in  all  past  time,  Mystery. 


The  Mining  Aspect. 

J.   C.  RALSTON,  M.  E. 

THE  relative  magnitude  of  Nevada  with  respect  to 
many  other  States  is  quite  as  striking  as  her  other 
physical    characteristics.     Indeed,    it    is    so    im- 
pressive that  one  is  surprised  when  seeing  it  set 
in  juxtaposition   to  other  perhaps  better  known 
territory.     Thus,  in  point  of  area,  Nevada  is  within  less  than 
one  per  cent  the  same  size  of  the  now  defunct  South  African 
Republic.     It   is  more   than   twice   the   size   of   the   Orange 
Free  State;  the  same  size  as  Austria;  more  than  half  as  large 
as  the  German  Empire;  larger  than  New  Zealand,  and  within 
less  than  seven  per  cent  the  size  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 
Its  area  is  a  trifle  greater  than  the  aggregate  of  Maine,  New 
Hampshire,  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  New  Jer- 
sey, West  Virginia  and  Maryland.     Japan,  with  her  43,000,- 
ooo  inhabitants,  is  only  one-third  larger  than  Nevada  with 
her  50,000  people.     Here  surely  is  an  inglorious  empire — a 
forgotten  commonwealth. 

With  a  territory  so  large  and  so  completely  impressed 
with  the  most  favorable  geological  conditions,  it  must  very 
properly  engage  the  attention  of  the  miner,  now  perhaps 
more  than  ever  before.  It  was  the  cradle  of  quartz  mining 
in  the  United  States,  and  its  pioneers  in  that  industry  carved 
out  a  record  in  production  never  equaled  in  the  world.  Its 
engineers  achieved  success  in  the  face  of  apparently  insur- 
mountable obstacles  and  crystalized  and  perfected  economic 
methods  which  became  new  criteria  for  the  industry  on  all 
parts  of  the  globe. 

Later,  there  supervened  years  of  depression.  Many  of 
the  mines  were  abandoned ;  many  were  believed  to  be  worked 
out;  others  were  closed  because  the  ores  had  become  impov- 
erished and  would  not  yield  a  profit  after  paying  reduction 


charges  which,  in  the  light  of  modern  practise,  were  excessive. 
Much  of  the  capital  was  withdrawn  from  the  State,  and  the 
money  kings  sought  that  congenial  environment  in  social 
and  commercial  centers  which  wealth  can  always  command. 
The  new  and  virile  blood  is  being  injected  into  the  veins 
of  the  State,  and  a  firm  and  intelligent  hold  is  being  taken 
upon  her  mining  and  industrial  possibilities. 

Supplementing  territorial  extent  with  other  criteria 
equally  as  great  invites  still  closer  investigation.  Nevada's 
position  amongst  the  great  mineral-producing  States  of  this 
country  and  of  the  world  is  of  the  first  magnitude.  Colorado 
and  California  only  outrank  her  in  the  production  of  gold 
and  silver  in  the  period  embraced  between  1866  and  1902, 
both  inclusive.  Of  the  eleven  western  mining  States,  within 
this  period,  the  relative  production  has  been  derived  from 
the  States  in  the  order  named,  and  in  the  aggregate  values, 
in  round  numbers,  as  follows: 

i — Colorado,  gold  and  silver $711,000,000 

2 — California,  gold  and  silver 620,000,000 

3 — Nevada,  gold  and  silver   504,000,000 

4 — Montana,  gold  and  silver 424,000,000 

5 — Utah,  gold  and  silver 208,000,000 

6 — Idaho,  gold  and  silver 167,000,000 

7 — South  Dakota,  gold  and  silver 1 16,000,000 

8 — Arizona,  gold  and  silver 108,000,000 

9 — Oregon  and  Washington,  gold  and  silver  .  .        76,000,000 

10 — New  Mexico,  gold  and  silver 46,000,000 

In  the  year  1901,  Nevada  ranked  eighth  of  the  gold- 
producing  States,  and  fifth  of  the  14  silver-producing  States. 
In  the  same  year,  of  the  44  gold-producing  countries  of  the 
world,  Nevada's  position  was  twelfth,  and  of  the  26  silver- 
producing  countries  of  the  world,  Nevada  stood  eighth.  In 
1902  her  position  was  even  more  flattering.  Although  only 
convalescing  from  a  long  period  of  suspended  production, 
her  position  was  eighth  of  the  19  gold-producing  States, 
and  fifth  of  the  21  in  silver  production.  In  the  same  year, 


[32] 


of  the  22  countries  of  the  world  reported,  her  rank  in  produc- 
tion of  gold  was  eleventh;  in  silver,  seventh  of  15  countries. 

It  is  only  recently  that  some  of  the  captains  of  mining 
finances  have  again  turned  their  attention  to  Nevada.  The 
State  is  now  feeling  the  thrill  of  renewed  vigor.  New  and 
important  mineral  discoveries  have  lately  been  made,  while 
old  properties,  particularly  the  Comstock,  are  being  rejuven- 
ated, and  are  again  beginning  to  produce.  Others,  which 
were  believed  to  have  been  worked  out,  are,  as  so  often  hap- 
pens, again  yielding  merchantable  ores. 

Nevada,  perhaps  more  than  any  other  State,  will  become 
responsive  to  this  latter  condition.  Many  of  the  mines  were 
worked  in  the  days  when  reduction  costs  were  much  higher 
than  they  are  today,  and  when  the  percentage  of  saving 
was  lower.  Those  two  rebellious  facts  alone  have  put  limita- 
tions upon  a  large  number  of  mines  throughout  the  State. 
But  they  are  no  longer  existent.  The  science  of  metallurgy 
has  so  far  progressed,  both  in  the  saving  of  high  percentages 
and  in  reduced  cost  of  reduction,  that  ore  bodies  which  a 
few  years  ago  were  not  merchantable  can  be  mined  today 
at  a  good  profit.  This  is  peculiarly  so  in  the  semi-argentif- 
erous mines. 

Heretofore,  in  considering  possible  future  conditions  at 
depth,  they  had  been  correlated  with,  and  measured  by,  the 
past  bonanza  conditions  which  existed  in  the  days  when 
the  upper  oxidized  and  enriched  zones  were  working,  with 
the  result  that  too  many  properties  were  totally  abandoned 
or  turned  over  to  the  small  leasers  who  of  necessity  could 
only  gouge  out  the  richer  lenses  near  the  surface,  while  the 
virgin  horizons  below  water  level  were  allowed  to  languish. 

In  many  of  the  mining  States  in  Mexico,  old,  abandoned 
mines  have  proved  veritable  bonanzas  when  properly  worked. 
The  writer  recalls  a  number  of  properties  in  different  parts 
of  this  State  which  lie  idle  today  because  of  this  fact.  He 
believes  that  no  small  part  of  the  future  production  will  be 
derived  from  such  mines,  and  that  this  is  a  phase  of  exploita- 


tion which  will  profitably  engage  capital.  Indeed,  this  prop- 
osition has  been  within  the  last  few  months  undertaken  in 
several  conspicuous  instances.  At  the  same  time,  however, 
such  a  proposition  cannot,  of  course,  be  laid  down  as  a  funda- 
mental one  in  all  instances,  but  a  careful  study  of  the  indi- 
vidual cases  will,  it  is  sure,  prove  the  wisdom  of  many  a 
proposed  rejuvenation. 

The  well-known  camps  of  Tonopah  and  Goldfields  which 
have  produced  bonanza  values  from  the  grass  roots,  promise 
to  be  not  only  great  camps,  but  to  become  as  well  centers  of 
large  and  diversified  mining  districts. 

The  western  and  southwestern  tier  of  counties,  comprising 
Washoe,  Storey,  Ormsby,  Lyon,  Douglas,  Esmeralda,  Nye 
and  Lincoln,  have  perhaps  been  more  fully  prospected  than  • 
other  parts  of  the  State,  although  the  latter  three  have  been 
but  indifferently  scratched.  These  counties  comprise  a  strip 
of  territory  lying  parallel  to  and  all  practically  within  one 
hundred  miles  or  less  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains. 

This  topographic  fact  is  of  special  significance.  Out 
of  the  eastern  slope  of  these  mountains  a  number  of  large 
perennial  streams  pour  down  into  the  Nevada  plateau.  These 
streams  are  susceptible  of  being  harnessed,  and  their  power 
converted  into  electric  energy.  One  hundred,  or  even  two 
hundred,  miles  are  today  in  the  light  of  recent  practise  not 
a  prohibitive  distance  for  the  transmission  of  power.  One 
such  plant  is  already  in  operation  furnishing  power  to  a 
profitable  market,  while  others  are  projected.  Those  coun- 
ties, therefore,  enjoy  inherent  potentialities  of  exceptional 
value  which  appeal  profoundly  to  the  miner,  for  they  mean 
cheap  power,  a  consequent  reduction  in  the  cost  of  mining 
and  milling,  increased  profits  and  enlarged  fields  of  pro- 
ductiveness. 

Heretofore,  cheap  power  has  been  regarded  as  rather  a 
remote  possibility,  due  more  to  the  lack  of  cheap  trans- 
portation and  the  absence  of  native  fuel.  The  hydro-electric 
engineer  has  erased  that  embargo. 


[33] 


As  for  cheap  transportation,  the  writer  believes  that 
that  desideratum  will  be  promptly  and  fully  supplied  from 
time  to  time  as  conditions  demand,  just  as  it  has  been  in 
other  States.  A  strong  mining  company  always  has  it  within 
its  power  to  reach  a  solution  of  such  a  problem.  The  South- 
ern Pacific  Railway  Company  occupies  the  territory  almost 
exclusively,  and  complaint  of  prohibitive  tariffs  is  sometimes 
heard.  But  this  is  more  theoretical  than  real.  If  there 
have  been  cases  of  hardship,  they  have  perhaps  been  due 
more  to  the  fact  that  that  great  system  has  been  engrossed 
in  ameliorating  conditions  in  other  more  active  territory. 
It  is  due,  perhaps,  not  so  much  to  a  determination  not  to 
foster  mining  as  to  the  fact  that  the  railway  company  has 
been  wholly  engaged  in  meeting  the  demand  of  other  indus- 
tries elsewhere  along  its  lines.  To  be  sure,  the  northern  and 
Colorado  roads  have  been  very  active  in  fostering  mining, 
but  with  them  mining  has  been  a  larger  producer  of  traffic. 
Many  instances  are  recalled  wherein  the  management  has 
been  prompt  in  meeting  untoward  conditions  and  guarantee- 
ing the  most  liberal  encouragement. 

The  apparent  absence  of  water  in  some  districts  has  been 
perhaps  improperly  considered  a  bane  to  profitable  mining. 
This,  too,  like  transportation,  has  proven  to  be  more  imag- 
inary than  real.  The  true  hydrographic  conditions  are  not 
understood,  or  perhaps  have  not  been  fully  investigated. 
Several  pipe  lines  destined  to  supply  remote  districts  have 
been  projected  and  built.  Conspicuous  amongst  them  are 
the  Virginia  and  Gold  Hill  and  the  Candelaria  lines.  If  any 
of  the  projected  works  have  failed  in  being  financed,  it  is  due 
rather  to  a  moral  than  physical  equation — a  lack,  perhaps, 
of  the  community-of-interest  idea,  a  common  and  pernicious 
doctrine  in  new  camps.  Certainly  such  lines  are  not  imprac- 
ticable, nor  unworthy  of  investments. 

At  the  Coolgardie  mines  in  Western  Australia  water  was 
the  sine  qua  non.  A  thirty -inch  pipe  line,  328  miles  long, 
was  built  to  the  nearest  permanent  supply.  This  is  the 


longest  supply  line  in  the  world.  Without  it,  the  mines  are 
worthless,  unconverted  and  inactive  assets;  with  it,  they 
were  treasure  stores,  negotiable  and  gilt-edged. 

As  heretofore  suggested,  local  hydrographic  conditions 
are  not  understood  in  many  districts.  They  will  bear  careful 
investigation.  Supplies  can,  it  is  almost  sure,  be  developed. 
The  bottom  of  many  synclines  will  no  doubt  yield  an  abun- 
dance of  artesian  water  from  reasonable  depths.  One  such 
was  developed  last  year  in  Inyo  County,  California,  where 
the  environment  was  apparently  forbidding.  The  conditions 
there  were  similar,  indeed,  both  geologically  and  hydro- 
graphically,  to  conditions  in  some  of  the  Southern  Nevada 
districts. 

Power,  water  and  transportation  are  therefore  invest- 
ments of  the  near  future  which  will  be  inviting  and  profit- 
able. Considered  as  auxiliary  or  independent  organizations 
to  the  mining  companies,  they  will  become  the  open  sesames 
to  many  of  the  otherwise  unprofitable  districts.  Indeed, 
they  are  the  real  impediment  which  today  hamper  the  fullest 
development  in  many  localities. 

While  all  of  the  preceding  facts  exercise  an  important 
influence  in  the  development  of  the  State,  perhaps  the  most 
salient  and  directly  applicable  consideration  pertains  to  its 
economic  geology. 

It  may  be  laid  down  as  a  basic  principle  that  by  far  the 
largest  percentage  of  the  nobler  metals  has  been  derived 
either  from  the  eruptive  rocks  or  from  other  formations 
which  have  sustained  regional  changes  due  to  the  presence 
of  igneous  bodies.  The  mines  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  may 
be  noted  as  perhaps  the  only  noteworthy  exception  to  this 
rule.  There  can  be  but  small  question  that  there  is  a  genetic 
relation  between  the  association  of  metalliferous  veins  and 
eruptive  rocks.  The  greatest  producer  in  Mexico  and  the 
greatest  producer  in  Nevada  is  each  enclosed  in  identical 
formations.  The  same  class  of  rocks  predominate  in  at 
least  all  of  Western  Nevada. 


[34] 


These,  then,  are  the  conditions  and  the  "formations" 
in  which  experience  has  amply  proven  ore  veins  are  most 
commonly  found.  Whatever  may  have  been  the  particular 
dynamic  fact  which  created  the  fissures,  the  hydrochemical 
agents  seem  usually  to  have  been  present  in  sufficient  quan- 
tities to  fill  the  voids  with  silicious  material  and  metallic 
ores.  By  far  the  larger  part  of  Nevada  is  composed  of  erup- 
tive rocks.  Amongst  them  it  is  therefore  logical  to  look 
for  ore  veins.  The  prospector  knows  that  his  so-called 
"porphyry"  has  enclosed  many  of  the  great  mines  of  the 
country,  and  is  still  revealing  their  treasures;  and  upon  that 
proposition,  without  always  knowing  the  real  reason,  other 
than  that  of  analogy,  he  predicates  his  future  work.  He  is 
inclined,  and  rightly,  to  leave  the  more  sterile  formations 
to  the  other  fellow.  He  is  cognizant  of  the  fact  that  ore  is 
wherever  he  finds  it,  but  he  justly  believes  he  is  likely  to 
make  more  profitable  discoveries  in  or  near  to  the  eruptives. 

It  is  generally  true,  particularly  of  Western  Nevada, 
that  the  primary  rocks  which  form  the  great  basement  floor 
were  pushed  up  and  crumpled  into  long,  sweeping  corruga- 
tions. The  summits  or  inclines,  being  the  region  of  greatest 
tension,  became  fissured  and  faulted  most.  These  because 
the  lines  of  greatest  weakness  and  the  avenues  out  of  which 
the  great  volcanic  flows  escaped,  sometimes  overflowing  in 
comparatively  gentle  floods,  and  in  other  instances  bursting 
forth  in  violent  eruptions,  after  the  manner  of  the  typical 
voteano,  always  at  work,  however, upbuilding  the  topography. 
Again,  vulcanism,  perhaps  subsiding  into  a  quiescent  state, 
or  still  later  once  more  overflowing  the  landscape,  charged 
the  air  with  stifling  gases,  volcanic  ash,  and  blinding  smoke. 
As  the  volcanic  agents  became  again  inactive,  and  the  igneous 
mass  underwent  final  cooling,  the  forces  of  contraction 
created  faults,  cracks  and  fissures  not  only  within  the  erup- 
tive mass  but  as  well  in  the  underlying  primaries,  which, 
as  cooling  still  continued,  began  slowly  to  fill  with  metallic 
oxides  and  sulphides.  The  material  from  which  the  ores 


and  vein  fillings  were  made  was  carried  up  through  those 
fissures  in  the  form  of  hot  aqueous  solutions. 

It  was  a  characteristic  of  ore  genesis  under  such  condi- 
tions that,  after  the  volcanic  outbreaks  had  ceased,  the  hot 
solutions  rose  along  such  avenues  as  the  dynamic  forces 
had  created,  and  then  by  virtue  of  the  well-known  law, 
reduced  temperature  and  pressure,  deposited  or  let  down 
their  mineral  lode. 

Perhaps  later,  spasmodic  and  final  eruptions  buried  the 
surface,  hiding  the  newly  formed  veins  from  view;  and  at 
last  much  of  this  new  outflow  was  eroded  and  washed  away, 
thus  bringing  the  veins  again  into  view,  and  leaving  their 
apices  much  as  we  find  them  today. 

In  some  parts  of  the  territory  in  question  during  the 
season  of  volcanic  rest,  and  near  the  end  of  the  eruptive 
period  when  the  air  was  charged  with  moisture,  lakes  formed. 
Showers  of  pumice  and  ash  intermittently  fell,  and  these, 
together  with  the  erode  materials  from  the  everchanging 
surface,  accumulated  to  form  layers  of  sand,  mud  and  peb- 
bles. In  the  lakes  lived  millions  of  infusoria,  small  micro- 
scopic shells,  which  accumulated  in  vast  quantities.  Many 
of  these  accumulations  are  today  of  economic  value  and  are 
mined  and  marketed  as  infusorial  or  diatomaceous  earth. 

The  profound  faulting  and  blocking  of  the  mineral  zones 
and  the  deep-seated  sources  of  the  metallic  ores,  derived 
as  they  largely  were  from  a  primary  and  not  a  secondary 
source,  presuppose  deep,  extensive  and  merchantable  ore 
bodies,  and  bespeak,  consequently,  a  prosperous,  productive 
and  long-lived  future  for  the  mines. 

In  the  event  of  the  last  analysis  is  logically  that  there 
is  now  found  this  important  and  economic  fact, — that  almost 
this  whole  region  is  replete  in  those  varieties  of  eruptive  and 
volcanic  rocks  in  which  ore  veins  exist. 

These  are  the  criteria  upon  which  may  be  based  the 
assertion  that  Nevada  is  as  inviting  today  as  it  was  in  the 
'jo's  when  the  eyes  of  the  world  were  upon  her. 


[35] 


Lumber  Industry. 

CHARLES  GULLING. 

TAKING   the   eastern   slope   of   the   Sierra   Nevada 
Mountains    as    a    western    boundary,    there    is    a 
vast  territory  of  timber  lands  whose  only  present 
marketable  outlet  is  through  the  N.  C.  O.  Rail- 
road at  Reno,  Nevada,  Verdi  Lumber  Co.  Rail- 
road at  Verdi,  Nevada,  Boca  &  Loyalton  Railroad  at  Boca, 
Cal.,  Hobart  Mills  Railroad  and  the  Lake  Tahoe  Railroad 
at  Truckee,  Cal.,  all  these  points  being  on  the  main  line  of 


the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Sierra,  Nevada,  and  Plumas 
Counties,  in  California,  are  noted  for  their  valuable  forests 
of  white  pine  and  spruce.  This  great  timber  body  has 
scarcely  been  touched  up  to  the  present  time,  there  having 
heretofore  been  no  means  of  transportation  to  profitably 
reach  the  markets  of  the  world  either  east  or  west,  but  since 
the  advent  of  these  railroads  a  great  impetus  has  been  given 
to  the  lumbering  industry  in  this  entire  section.  The  old 
circular  sawmills  of  small  capacities  have  been  superseded  by 
new  and  modern  band-saw  mills  of  greater  capacities;  be- 
sides, many  new  ones  have  been  added. 

The  demand  for  the  product  of  these  mills  has  been  steadily 


BIRD'S-EYE   VIEW   OF   HORTON  BROS.,  ROBERTS,  AND   CALIFORNIA  WHITE   PINE     LUMBER   COMPANIES,  LOYALTON 


increasing,   and   much  of  the   higher  grades,   owing    to    its 
superior  quality,  find  ready  sale  in  markets  east  of  the  Mis- 


RENO  MILL  AND  LUMBER  CO.  MILL  AT  LOYALTON 

souri  River.     The  lower  grades  are  manufactured  into  pack- 
ing box  material  and  used  in  home  consumption. 

Plumas  County  is  particularly  rich  in  its  timber  products, 
especially  so  in  its  superior  white  and  sugar  pine,  being  of  a 
soft  and  fine  grain,  and  clear  boards  can  easily  be  sawn  up 
to  48  inches  wide.  Probably  no  other  pine  lumber  section 
of  the  country  can  excel  or  even  equal  this  either  in  the 
quantity  per  acre  or  the  quality  of  its  material.  Up  to  the 
present  time  over  three  hundred  thousand  acres  of  timber 
have  been  taken  under  the  government  acts  in  Plumas  County 
alone,  and  recently  in  one  year  one  hundred  thousand  ;acres 


were  taken.  The  several  mills  supplied  by  these  forests 
are  located  as  follows: 

At  Loyalton,  the  California  White  Pine  Mills,  with  a 
yearly  output  of  twelve  million  feet,  and  a  box  factory  of 
same  capacity.  This  company  employs  about  135  men  in 
its  timber  and  sawmill.  The  mill  is  modern  in  every  respect. 
Being  recently  built  it  has  all  the  latest  improved  machinery, 
and  is  what  is  known  as  a  single-band  sawmill. 

The  Horton  Brothers'  Mill  has  all  the  modern  improve- 
ments in  sawmill  machinery  in  the  way  of  steam  feed,  rollers, 
steam  turners,  etc.,  and  has  a  capacity  of  60,000  feet  per 
day.  Wages  paid  range  from  $2.50  to  $6  per  day,  and  one 
hundred  men  are  employed  in  logging  camps,  mills  and  yard. 

The  Roberts  Lumber  Co.  Mill  is  the  only  double-band 
sawmill  located  at  this  place.  It  has  only  been  recently 
built,  and  is  an  up-to-date  mill  in  every  respect,  with  a  ca- 
pacity of  150,000  feet  per  day. 


PLUMAS  BOX  AND  LUMBER  CO.  AT  LOYALTON 

The  Plumas  Box  and  Lumber  Company's  box  factory 
has  been  three  years  in  operation,  and  has  a  capacity  of 
12,000,000  feet  per  year  in  box  shocks.  The  material  for 


[37] 


RENO  MILL  AND  LUMBER  COMPANY  YARDS  AT  RENO 


this  factory  is  supplied  from  the  surplus  of  lower  grades  of 
the  output  of  four  mills,  and  is  owned  and  operated  by  the 
owners  of  these  mills.  Wages  paid  range  from  $2.30  to  $5 
per  day,  and  the  number  of  employes  about  forty  the  year 
round.  This  plant  also  supplies  power  for  the  Loyalton 
Electric  Light  Co.,  a  corporation  capitalized  at  $50,000. 
It  furnishes  the  light  for  the  mills  and  town. 

The  Turner  Box  Factory  employs  a  number  of  men,  and 
has  only  been  recently  built.  It  has  all  the  latest  machinery 
and  manufactures  the  product  of  its  own  mill  into  building 
and  box  material. 


The  Reno  Mill  &  Lumber  Co.  Mill  is  a  single-band  saw- 
mill with  modern  improvements,  steam  feed,  steam  turners, 
etc.  Capacity  is  60,000  feet  per  day.  Almost  the  entire 
output  of  this  mill  is  shipped  to  Reno,  Nevada,  where  the 
company's  yards  and  planing-mill  are  located.  During  the 
summer  months  this  company  employs  about  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five  men  in  its  mill,  logging-camps,  planing- 
mill  and  yards. 

All  of  these  mills  have  large  supply  ponds  for  logs  capable 
of  holding  sufficient  logs  to  run  the  mills  early  in  the  spring 
before  logging  can  profitably  be  done.  Loyalton  Creek 


[38] 


supplies  sufficient  water  for  ponds  and  otherTjDurposes.  The 
logs  supplying  all  these  mills  are  brought  from  the  timber 
belt  mentioned  above  by  the  Boca  and  Loyalton  Railroad, 
and  many  trains  may  be  seen  daily  crossing  Sierra  Valley 
to  the  north  and  south  heavily  laden  with  logs.  The  mills 
are  permanently  located  in  the  town  of  Loyalton,  and  the 
plan  is  to  extend  the  railroads  into  the  forests  as  fast  as  same 
are  cut,  thus  centralizing  the  manufacturing  interests  at 
Loyalton,  thereby  not  necessitating  the  moving  of  expensive 
plants  as  the  timber  is  being  cut  off.  Contracts  were  made 
by  these  mills  with  the  Boca  &  Loyalton  Railroad  to  deliver 
logs  for  a  term  of  years  before  they  were  located;  in  fact, 
this  was  a  part  of  the  plan  before  the  road  was  built  into  this 
section,  and  the  plan  has  proven  to  be  mutually  beneficial 
in  many  ways  to  all  concerned. 

The  Verdi  Lumber  Co.  Mill  is  located  at  Verdi,  Nevada, 
and  is  a  new  and  modern-built  mill  in  every  respect, — band 
saws,  steam  turners,  steam  feed,  etc.  Its  capacity  is  60,000 
feet  per  day,  and  the  logs  are  supplied  by  its  own  road.  This 
company  has  a  box  factory  in  connection  with  its  mill,  and 
all  under  grades  like  those  of  other  mills  are  manufactured 
into  packing-box  material. 

The  Truckee  Lumber  Co.  Mill,  located  at  Truckee,  Cal., 
is  a  new  double-band  sawmill  with  modern  improvements. 
The  logs  are  brought  from  the  shores  of  Lake  Tahoe  over 
the  Lake  Tahoe  Railroad.  They  have  a  box  factory  in  con- 
nection, and  employ  a  great  many  men  in  the  woods,  factory 
and  mill. 

The  Hobart  Mills,  located  six  miles  from  Truckee,  trans- 
ports its  products  over  its  own  railroads  to  that  place.  This 
is  a  double-band  sawmill,  and  was  the  first  double  mill  erected 
in  this  section.  It  has  a  capacity  of  150,000  feet  per  day; 
modern  in  every  respect.  A  box  factory  and  planing-mill 
is  run  in  connection  with  this  mill.  The  little  town  of  Hobart 
Mills  is  beautifully  laid  out,  and  is  a  complete  little  town 
within  itself, — store,  schools,  postoffice,  shops,  etc. 


There  are  many  other  smaller  mills  located  in  different 
parts  of  this  section,  but  space  will  not  permit  of  more  than 
passing  notice.  On  the  west  side  of  Sierra  Valley  are  located 
Turner  Brothers  Mill,  Totten  Mill,  Noee  &  Ramelli  Mill. 
On  the  Boca  &  Loyalton  Railroad,  Boca  White  Pine  Co. 


ROBERTS  LUMBER  CO.  MILL  AT  LOYALTON 

Mill,  Merrill  Valley  Mill  and  Wheeler's  Mill.  Davies  Broth- 
ers' Mill  at  Truckee,  and  J.  C.  Knickrem  Mill  at  Mohawk,  Cal. 
In  the  development  of  this  section  too  much  credit  cannot 
be  given  for  the  farsightedness  of  Captain  Roberts  and  the 
Lewis  Brothers,  who  have  made  it  possible  in  building  the 
Boca  &  Loyalton  Railroad  to  develop  one  of  the  finest  timber 
belts  in  the  West.  At  seeming  impossibilities  and  opposition 
they  have  struggled  on  and  have  suceeded,  and  the  road  is 
more  than  meeting  the  most  sanguine  expectations,  and 
added  to  the  lumbering  business  a  great  traffic  in  agricul- 


[39] 


tural  products  and  live  stock  has  sprung  up.  Active  work 
was  begun  on  this  road  from  Boca,  California,  in  1899,  and 
was  completed  to  Lewis  Mill,  fourteen  miles,  in  January, 
1900,  and  in  July  of  the  same  year  was  completed  to  Loyal- 
ton,  twenty-six  miles,  and  was  the  occasion  of  a  national  day 
celebration,  July  4th.  In  the  fall  of 
the  same  year  it  was  completed  to 
Beckwith,  making  in  all  forty  miles 
of  road.  It  is  now  being  built  along 
the  middle  fork  of  the  Feather  River, 
several  miles  beyond.  The  road  is 
well  equipped  and  well  managed.  It 
is  a  success,  a  well-merited  reward 
for  the  enterprise  of  its  promoters. 

LOYALTON. 

Loyalton  is  beautifully  situated 
on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada  Mountains,  and  on  the  south 
edge  of  Sierra  Valley  at  an  elevation 
of  5,000  feet  above  the  sea  level. 
The  old  town  of  Loyalton  was  built 
nearly  a  half-century  ago,  and  for 
many  years  a  hotel  and  store  com- 
posed the  principal  part  of  the  town, 
but  an  awakening  took  place, — new 
life  sprung  up  upon  the  advent  of 

the  Boca  &  Loyalton   Railroad.     At  SCENE  ON  BOCA  AND 

that  time  the  population  of  the  town  was  scarcely  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  people ;  now  there  is  a  population  of  something 
like  fifteen  hundred.  Loyalton  enjoys  the  distinction  of  being 
the  only  prohibition  town  in  Northern  California  and  Nevada, 
and  no  gambling-houses  are  permitted.  Singularly  there  has 
not  been  a  criminal  prosecution  or  an  occasion  for  one  for 
three  years,  except  for  violations  of  the  anti-liquor  law,  and  in 
these  cases  a  conviction  always  resulted.  In  every  election 


the  people  have  overwhelmingly  supported  this  law.  This  con- 
dition has  resulted  in  an  unusually  prosperous  community, 
and  many  working  men  have  built  their  own  homes  within 
the  last  three  years.  Besides  the  several  sawmills  and  box 
factories,  many  buildings  have  been  erected,  among  them 
being  a  splendid  school  building  of  six 
rooms  at  a  cost  of  $15,000,  a  Baptist 
church  costing  $6,000,  a  Methodist 
church  costing  $4,000,  Masonic  Hall 
at  a  cost  of  $6,000,  besides  numerous 
residences  costing  from  $1,000  to  $6,- 
ooo  each. 

There  are  three  hotels  in  the  town, 
all  doing  a  good  business ;  many  larger 
places  are  not  so  well  supplied,  nor  do 
they  have  better  accommodations. 

The  Sierra  Hotel,  near  the  railroad 
depot,  has  forty  rooms,  and  has  been 
recently  refitted  throughout.  It  is 
splendidly  located,  is  homelike,  and 
one  can  rest  assured  of  the  best  of 
treatment. 

The  Loyalton  House  is  located  on 
the  main  street,  near  the  center  of  the 
town ;  is  well  fitted  up  with  nice  rooms. 
The  management  is  accommodating, 
and  is  doing  a  thriving  business. 
LOYALTON  ROAD  The  Keys  is  a  new  hotel.  Good 

accommodations,  good  board,  and  good  treatment  of  patrons 
have  made  this  hotel  popular  with  the  public. 

The  town  has  a  splendid  water  system,  supplied  from 
pure  mountain  springs  and  several  artesian  wells.  It  has 
good  streets  and  a  good  electric  light  system. 

The  winters  are  mild  and  the  summers  cool  and  generally 
very  healthy,  a  most  modern  appearing  little  town  where 
one  might  wish  to  make  a  home. 


T7vor»4-c  first  Year  an(i  are  able  and  willing  to  work.     To  all  such 

r  3.CLS.  success  can  be  depended  upon. 

The  cost  of  living  in  any  part  of  Nevada  is  as  low  as  any 

CAPITALISTS  seeking  investments  in  irrigation  enter-  portion  of  the  United  States,  all  other  things  equalized,  and 

prises,  or  good  locations  for  the  planting  of  colo-  employment  is  readily  obtained  at  good  wages.     Steady  and 

nies,  have  sought  them  in  each  of  the  other  States  industrious  mechanics  or  laborers  can  usually  find  positions 

and    Territories    of    Western    America,    until    the  and  employment,  and  at  good  wages. 

best  opportunities  existing  there  have  been  taken.  The  following  table  will  give  a  seeker  of  information  a 

While  the  people  of  other  States  and  Territories  have  been  good  idea  of  wages  paid  in  our  State : 

searching  out  and  advertising  to  the  investing  and  home-     Mine  foreman  per  day $  5.00  to  $     8.00 

seeking  world  their  varied  and  abundant  resources  of  soil,     Miners  per  day 3.00  to        4.00 

water  and  climate,   no  concerted  effort  has  been  made  to     Mine  laborers  per  day 3  .00  to        3-5° 

show  that  Nevada  possesses  like  possibilities,  and  that  she     Farm  hands  per  month 30.00  to      40.00 

has  within  her  borders  a  hundred  such  valleys  as  the  San     Ordinary  laborers  per  day   2 .  oo  to        2.50 

Luis  in  Colorado,  or  the  Jordan  in  Utah,  which  even  today     Blacksmiths  per  day 4.00  to        6.00 

are  begging  for  occupants,  while  more  than  one  of  ours  can     Carpenters  per  day 3  .00  to        4.00 

boast  a  semi-tropical  climate  equal  to  that  of  the  Santa  Ana     Physicians  per  visit 2  .00  to        2 . 50 

in  Southern  California,  in  which  lie  the  famous  orange  groves      Machinists  per  day   4 .  oo  to        6 .  oo 

of  Riverside,  Redlands  and  Ontario.  Bookkeepers  per  month 50.00  to    150.00 

What  finer  opportunity  exists  in  this  broad  land  for  the     Clerks  per  month 40.00  to    150.00 

development  of  colonization  enterprises  than  exist  in  this     Paperhangers  per  day 4.00  to        5.00 

State  in  the  various  valleys  of  the  Humboldt  River  and  its     Painters  per  day   4.00  to        5.00 

tributaries,  or  on  the  Carson,  Walker,  Quin,  Truckee,  Owyhee     Plumbers  per  day   4 .  oo  to        6 .  oo 

or  Virgin  Rivers?     Where  can  be  found  richer  soils,  coupled     Boilermakers  per  day 4.00  to        6.00 

with  better  and  more  easily  handled  water  supplies?     There     Teamsters  per  month,  with  board 50.00  to      80.00 

is  today  no  better  field  in  the  United  States  for  the  invest-     Wood  per  cord 5 .  oo  to        6 .00 

ment   of   capital   or   possibilities   for   the    homeseeker   than     Lumber,  rough,  per  1,000 16.00 

Nevada  affords.     The  Chamber  of  Commerce  would  advise     Board  per  week '.  .     3 . 50  to        5 .  oo 

all  who  come  here  to  make  a  home,  not  to  come  here  unless      House  rent .    15 .  oo  to      25  .  oo 

they  can  command  sufficient  means  for  their  support  for  the  (Per  month  for  4  to  6  rooms) 


International  Correspondence  Schools,  Scranton,  Pa. 


You  study  in  spare  time. 
Write  for  Catalogue. 


750,000  students.  No  books  to  buy.  Small  costs  —  good  results. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  OFFICE:    1311  MARKET  ST. 


[41] 


The   Douglas   County   Creamery   Company. 

THE   Douglas  County  Creamery  Co.  was  organized 
on  March  24,  1893,  on  the  co-operation  plan,  by 
forty   farmers  of  Carson  Valley   as   stockholders, 
with  a  capital  of  $15,000,  and  elects  its  officers 
annually.     The    present    officers    are:     F.    Hell- 
winkel,  president;  M.  Jepsen,  first  vice-president;  M.  Chris- 
tensen,  second  vice-president;  A.  Hansen,  secretary;  and  F. 
Hise,  treasurer,  who  manage  the  general  affairs  of  the  com- 
pany. 

The  creamery  is  located  in  one  of  the  finest  and  best 
dairy  sections  in  the  State — namely,  Carson  Valley,  Douglas 
County.  The  building  is  the  most  carefully  constructed 
on  the  Coast,  and  was  planned  by  Mr.  C.  C.  Merrick,  an  ex- 
perienced creamery  man,  who  has  the  management  of  the 
plant,  and  who  also  equipped  it  with  the  machinery. 

The  building  consists  of  one  engine  room  with  one  15 
horse-power  engine,  one  boiler  with  a  capacity  of  30  horse- 
power, and  three  pumps  for  hoisting  water;  one  separator 
room  with  six  separators;  one  cream  and  churn  room  with 
two  combined  churns  and  workers;  one  work  room;  one  tem- 
porary storage  room  for  butter,  and  one  cold  storage  room, 
all  these  rooms  having  cement  floors.  The  milk  receiving-vat 
and  weighing  rooms  are  placed  on  a  higher  platform  from 
the  separator  room,  and  convenient  for  unloading  the  milk 
cans.  The  creamery  receives  daily  from  the  present  eighty- 
three  patrons  about  35,000  pounds  of  milk,  and  these  patrons 
receive  monthly  the  highest  possible  price  for  their  milk. 
From  the  above  amount  of  milk  there  is  daily  manufactured 
from  1,400  to  1,500  pounds  of  butter  by  an  experienced 
butter-maker. 

The  Douglas  County  Creamery  butter  has  a  record  which 
is  hard  to  beat,  is  in  great  demand  in  Nevada  as  well  as  in 
California,  and  is  shipped  to  foreign  countries  on  account  of 


its  keeping  qualities,  and  in  1894  received  the  Gold  Medal 
for  the  finest  butter  exhibited  at  the  Midwinter  International 
Exposition.  There  is  no  other  creamery  on  the  Coast  that 
pays  more  money  to  their  patrons  than  the  Douglas  County 
Creamery  Company,  nor  is  there  another  creamery  in  the 
State  that  was  so  successful  as  the  Douglas  County  Creamery, 
having  been  operating  from  the  day  of  its  starting  up  to  the 
present  time  without  closing  down  one  day. 

TJie  patrons  are  allowed  to  take  away  fifty  per  cent  of 
the  milk  they  deliver  in  skim  milk  at  a  nominal  price  for 
dairy  use  at  home,  the  balance  of  the  skim  milk  being  retained 
and  given  to  hogs  kept  by  the  company  and  sold  by  the  car- 
loads twice  a  month.  Those  hogs  are  bought  by  the  company 
from  their  patrons  at  the  highest  market  price,  which  is  very 
convenient  for  them  to  find  always  a  ready  market  for  their 
hogs.  In  fact,  the  Douglas  County  Creamery  Company  is 
a  very  beneficial  institution  for  Carson  Valley,  distributing 
every  month  from  $10,000  to  $12,000  among  the  farmers, 
and  helping  to  build  up  the  valley,  which  has  a  bright  future. 


SUBSCRIBE  FOR  THE 

GOLDFIELD  REVIEW 

PUBLISHED  EVERY  THURSDAY  AT 
COLUMBIA,  GOLDFIELD  MINING  DISTRICT,  NEVADA 

T.  D.  VANDEVORT,  Proprietor 

e  One  year $5-°° 

SUBSCRIPTION  RATES  <  Six  months 2.50 

(  Three  months.  ..  ..   1.15 


Subscriptions  paid  in  money  orders  should  be  made  payable  at  GolJfield 
or  Butler  postoffices. 


[4'J 


BIRD'S-EYE  VIEW  OF  CARSON   CITY— NEVADA'S  CAPITAL 


OR  VIS  RING  is  probably  the  oldest  teacher  connected 
with  the  schools  of  Nevada,  and  is  still  performing 
active  duties  in  the  educational  line. 

He  was  born  at  Starkesborough,  Addison 
County,  Vermont,  July  21,  1833.  At  the  age  of  8 
years,  Orvis  Ring  moved  with  his  parents 
to  Canton,  St.  Lawrence  County,  New  York. 
After  residing  there  for  three  years,  the  fam- 
ily moved  to  Wisconsin,  thence  to  McHenry 
County,  Illinois.  From  McHenry  County  the 
family  drifted  to  Du  Page  County,  where 
Orvis  Ring  attended  school  for  two  months 
in  the  year.  When  the  Illinois  Institute, 
later  Wheaton  College,  was  .established  at 
Wheaton,  Du  Page  County,  Illinois,  which 
is  located  twenty -five  miles  west  of  Chicago, 
Orvis  Ring  entered  as  a  student. 

By  teaching  the  district  schools  in  winter, 
and  working  in  the  harvest  and  hayfields  in 
the  summer,  he  finally  succeeded  in  graduat- 
ing on  July  4,  1860,  with  six  other  young 
men,,four  of  whom  became  preachers. 

While  a  student  in  college,  Orvis  Ring 
frequently  taught  classes  of  different  kinds, 
and  after  graduating  taught  in  the  village 
of  Wheaton.  Early  in  the  spring  of  1861, 
he,  in  company  with  two  other  young  men, 
started  for  California,  which  they  finally 
reached  after  being  nearly  five  months  on  the  road.  With 
only  a  dollar  and  a  half  left,  he  had  to  go  to  work,  and  the 
first  was  cutting  cord  wood  in  Vaca  Valley.  While  here,  he 
took  the  teachers'  examination  at  Fairfield.  Going  to  Stock- 
ton, the  first  of  September,  1862,  he  was  importuned  to  try 
and  get  a  school  to  teach,  and  going  to  Woodbridge,  secured 
the  school  at  that  place,  and  again  took  the  teachers'  exami- 
nation and  again  secured  a  certificate. 


After  teaching  the  Woodbridge  school  for  a  year,  he  crossed 
the  Sierras  on  horseback  to  Washoe  and  Virginia  City,  and 
after  a  few  days  continued  on  to  Austin,  Lander  County. 
Returning  from  Austin  to  Virginia  City,  he  worked  in  the 
Potosie  Mine  for  a  few  months,  and  then  was  offered  the 
school  at  Ophir,  in  Washoe  Valley,  where  he 
had  a  school  of  over  40  pupils.  This  school, 
at  the  time,  was  the  most  advanced  of  any 
in  the  Territory.  Until  February,  1867,  he 
taught  the  Ophir  school,  and  then  went  to 
Washoe  City,  and  for  a  year  and  a  half 
taught  that  school,  enrolling  over  one  hun- 
dred pupils  of  all  ages,  from  six  years  to 
twenty-one.  During  the  summer  of  1867 
he  was  deputy  county  assessor.  In  the  sum- 
mer of  1868  he  went  to  Columbia,  Tuol- 
umne  County,  California,  and  for  a  year  was 
bookkeeper  for  the  U.  S.  Grant  Mining  Com- 
pany, but  quit  that  and  went  to  San  Joa- 
quin  County,  near  Lockford,  and  engaged  in 
farming.  The  crop  dried  up,  and  again  he 
was  forced  to  go  to  teaching,  in  order  to 
pay  his  debts. 

"in  the  summer  of  1871  he  received  a 
"call"  to  return  to  Nevada,  and  commenced 
teaching  at  Reno  on  September  n,  1871, 
having  but  one  assistant. 

As  he  commenced  teaching  in  Nevada  in 

1863,  he  thinks  he  is  the  oldest  teacher  in  the  State.  In  1872 
he  was  elected  county  superintendent  of  schools  for  Washoe 
County,  and  again  in  1874. 

Although  over  70  years  of  age,  he  is  as  much  interested 
in  the  education  and  training  of  the  young  as  at  any  period 
of  his  life,  although  an  old  bachelor. 

He  is  a  fraternal  man,  being  a  32°  Mason,  a  K.  of  P.,  and 
an  Elk. 


[44] 


INDIAN  SCHOOL 

U.  S.  MINT 


POSTOFFICE  AND  COURTHOUSE 
STATE  CAPITOL,  CARSON  CITY 


Fishing  Interests. 

J.    P.    MORRILL. 

WHILE  Nevada  is  known  to  have  a  small  water  area, 
she  is  known  to  have  one  of  the  grandest,  the 
queen    of    mountain    streams,     "The    Truckee 
River."     This  stream  is  abounding  with  the  rain- 
bow  trout,    and  it   affords   the  most  favorable 
conditions  for  their  growth  and  reproduction.     We  are  so 
situated   that  we   derive   a  vast  benefit   from   the   artificial 
plantings  of  fish  that  have  been  made  in  this  stream  by  Cali- 
fornia, through  the  stream  rising  under  their  jurisdiction  and 
flowing  through  ours.     The  rainbow  trout  are  not  indigenous 
to  the  waters  of  our  State,  but  they  have  been  very  success- 
fully  introduced   into   the   Truckee   and    Humboldt   Rivers. 
Into  the  former  they  were  introduced  eighteen  years  ago, 
where  they  are  now  the  dominating  fish  and  are  known  to 
attain  a  weight  of  twelve  to  fifteen  pounds,  trout  of  this  size 
and  specie  having  been  taken  by  anglers. 

The  Truckee  River  is  famous  among  the   Pacific  Coast 
anglers,  and  is  fast  becoming  a  sportsman's  paradise. 

The  Humboldt  River,  over  three  hundred  miles  in  length, 
while  not  altogether  held  as  a  trout  stream,  has  a  few  trout 
of  the  rainbow  specie  in  the  headwaters.  The  writer  is  en- 
deavoring to  have  the  large-mouthed  black  bass  introduced 
into  this  stream,  and  should  his  project  be  carried  out,  which 
there  is  every  indication  that  it  will  be  (the  Board  of  County 
Commissioners  of  Humboldt  County  being  very  favorably 
disposed  toward  assisting  the  work  through),  since  the  Cali- 
fornia Fish  Commission  have  very  kindly  offered  us  a  stock 
ing  of  these  fish,  we  look  forward  to  see  the  Humboldt  abound- 
ing with  that  healthful  and  nutritious  food — the  black  bass. 
In  addition  to  this  fish  serving  as  a  food  supply  for  the  many 
thousands  of  people  within  our  State,  and  also  outside,  it 
will  frequent  the  waters  of  the  Humboldt  River  for  more 


than  two  hundred  miles,  and  will  draw  sportsmen  to  Nevada 
from  far  and  near. 

The  Carson  River  is  also  a  trout-producing  stream  today, 
the  lower  portion,  however,  having  been  denuded  of  trout 
owing  to  deleterious  chemicals  which  have  been  discharged 


FOUR  HOURS'  CATCH  FROM  THE  TRUCKEE  RIVER 

into  its  waters.  Could  our  Legislature  once  more  create  an 
office  of  Fish  Commission  and  allow  an  adequate  appropria- 
tion for  the  artificial  propagation  of  fishes  adapted  to  the 
different  streams  of  our  State,  the  Carson  River,  like  many 


[46] 


other  smaller  water  courses  of  our  State,  could  be  replen- 
ished. This  river,  with  its  glorious  tributaries  from  the  Al- 
pine hills,  should  be  a  sportsman's  paradise,  instead  of  a 
barren  and  unproductive  trout  stream.  Pyramid  Lake,  with 
its  hundreds  of  miles  of  water  area,  once  produced  a  bountiful 
supply  of  the  "Salmo  Mykiss"  trout.  It  is  hardly  percep- 
tible that  such  a  vast  body  of  water  could  have  been  so  easily 
robbed  of  her  formerly  abundant  supply  of  trout.  The  run 
of  fish  up  the  Truckee  River,  which  is  the  only  tributary  of 
any  importance  to  "Pyramid,"  is  nothing  compared  to  what 
it  used  to  be  some  ten  to  fifteen  years  ago ;  thus  we  can  readily 
see  that  the  time  is  near  at  hand  when  the  native  trout  will 
cease  to  reach  us  other  than  through  the  hands  of  fishermen 
on  the  lake.  Winnemucca  Lake,  known  as  Mud  Lake,  has 
ceased  to  furnish  us  with  a  supply  of  trout,  which  was  once 
abounding  in  the  same.  Walker  Lake  and  River,  which  were 
once  so  productive  of  trout,  have  been  taken  by  the  carp, 
which  is  now  the  dominating  fish. 

The  large-mouthed  bass  would  be  excellent  fish  for  introduc- 
tion into  these  waters;  should  they  be  introduced  therein,  the 
carp  would  soon  be  placed  among  the  creatures  "that  were." 
Throughout  our  State  we  have  many  small  lakes  and 
streams  that  are  capable  of  producing  some  sort  of  trout 
life,  which  are  barren  and  sterile  of  fish. 

The  fact  that  pisciculture  is  far  ahead  of  agriculture  is 
very  little  understood.  An  acre  of  water  is  capable  of  pro- 
ducing far  more  than  an  acre  of  ground  if  it  be  tilled  with 
equal  intelligence.  That  more  people  are  not  engaged  in  the 
work  of  private  fishery  is  no  doubt  due  to  lack  of  knowledge 
on  the  part  of  the  public. 

"On  the  'Truckee's'  banks,  with  rod  in  hand, 

The  springing  Rainbow,  in  speckled  pride, 

The  Salmon,  monarch  of  the  tide, 

Devolving  from  thy  parent  lake, 

Make  anglers  merry,  eager  and  wait, 

By  bowers  of  green  and  groves  of  pine." 


Lovelock,    Nevada 


The  illustration  below  shows  one  of  the  neatest,  one  of  the 
best  equipped  and  most  completely  stocked  stores,  in  the 
special  lines  that  it  handles,  that  is  to  be  found  in  Nevada, 
and  comprises  two  departments,  conducted  exclusively  for 
its  men  and  women  customers  respectively.  In  the  Men's 
Department  may  be  had  anything  constituting  men's  ap- 
parel, including  a  large  and  exclusive  line  of  shoes.  In  the 
Women's  Department  is  shown  a  full  and  select  line  of  dry 
goods  and  women's  furnishings.  Everything  for  men  and 
boys,  women  and  girls. 


THEDEPA^MEN  T~  5  TOgEJ 

I>HV  GOOD'S.  >I1    Vs  -.HIM 


[47] 


Transportation. 

J.  M.  FULTON. 

TRANSPORTATION  is  the  burning  question  of  the 
age  in  every  country  on  the  globe.     It  is  the  key 
to  the  situation  in  every  human  enterprise.     By 
the  development  of  effective  lines  of  transporta- 
tion which  wrap  the  earth,  England  has  reached 
the  summit  of  historic  glory  and  power,  while  neglect  has 
placed  her  Titanic  rival,  Russia,  at  the  mercy  of  Japan,  the 
youngest  of  the  nations.     Turkey  is  in  distress,  and  the  peace 
of  Europe  is  threatened  because  an  extensive  area  in  that 
part  of  the  world  is  destitute  even  of  wagon  roads,  and  the 
hills  are  full  of  brigands,  who  rob  and  kidnap  as  securely  as 
they  did  two  thousand  years  ago. 

Modern  methods  produce  so  cheaply  that  the  products 
of  every  part  of  the  world  are  open  to  every  other  part,  pro- 
vided the  means  of  transportation  are  ample  and  the  country 
that  produces  the  most  desirable  merchandise  grows  rich  the 
fastest,  if  it  can  get  into  the  great  channels  that  lead  up  to 
the  world's  wholesale  markets.  It  is  not  the  wares  that  are 
shipped  into  a  State,  but  what  goes  out  that  enriches  it. 

The  country  that  produces  and  sells  gets  wealthy  in  pro- 
portion to  the  prudence  its  people  show  in  saving  the  results 
of  their  industry,  instead  of  spending  it  for  luxuries  and  deli- 
cacies which  must  come  from  the  outside. 

Charges  on  commodities  into  a  State  count  for  but  little, 
for  the  charge  is  distributed  in  fractions  so  small  that  each 
one  whom  it  touches  hardly  feels  it.  A  suit  of  clothes  costs 
from  fifteen  to  sixty  dollars,  but  the  highest  freight  would 
not  amount  to  more  than  twenty  or  twenty-five  cents.  A 
hat  that  costs  from  two  to  five  dollars,  even  with  the  charges 
on  the  cases,  could  not  use  up  more  than  five  or  six  cents 
for  freight  in  getting  from  the  factory  to  the  wearer's  head. 


It  is  the  same  with  dresses,  boots,  shoes,  with  tea  and  coffee, 
with  sugar  and  all  sorts  of  supplies. 

Even  with  farm  machinery,  wagons,  etc.,  the  freight  is 
paid  but  once,  while  the  machine  lasts  for  years;  but  the 
crops  which  grow  on  the  soil,  the  lumber  made  in  the  mill, 
the  ores  taken  from  the  mine,  the  wool  sheared  twice  a  year 
from  the  sheep,  and  the  beef  sold  every  winter,  go  out  so 
rapidly  and  regularly  and  are  in  such  keen  competition  with 
the  products  of  every  other  part  of  the  world,  that  the  ques- 
tion of  rates  may  turn  the  scale  between  profit  and  loss. 

A  family  can  cut  down  expenses  and  save  shipping  goods 
in,  but  a  business  man  cannot  be  successful  if  he  is  hampered 
in  getting  what  he  has  to  sell  into  the  markets  in  reasonable 
time  and  at  reasonable  rates. 

These  conditions  are  found  everywhere  that  men  have 
made  their  homes,  and  they  apply  with  more  than  ordinary 
force  to  the  man  who  lives  in  Nevada.  This  State  has  no 
water  transportation;  it  is  a  world  by  itself  shut  in  by  im- 
mense ranges  of  mountains  on  every  side, — mountains  so 
high  and  rugged  that  they  were  considered  impassable  half 
a  century  ago.  It  seemed  to  our  forefathers  that  no  one  but 
the  Indian,  the  hunter  and  the  trapper  could  ever  make  a 
living  here,  but  thanks  to  the  genius  of  American  enterprise 
railroads  have  been  built  over  the  summits,  civilization  has 
been  established,  and  the  fruit-grower,  the  farmer,  the  shep- 
herd and  the  miner  pursue  their  several  vocations  with  the 
security,  confidence,  comfort  and  greater  profit  in  proportion 
to  capital  invested  than  in  the  older  States  or  in  Europe. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  add  that  this  state  of  affairs  would 
be  impossible  without  the  existence  of  our  extensive  system 
of  railroad  transportation.  The  State  of  Nevada  has  the 
good  fortune  by  a  great  trunk  line  of  railroad  to  lie  directly 
in  the  path  of  the  greatest  traffic  in  the  world  today, — a 
traffic  that  ebbs  and  flows  between  the  old  world  and  the 
new  and  between  the  occidental  and  oriental,  a  traffic  that 
promises  to  develop  to  proportions  of  which  no  one  even 


[48] 


dreamed  five  years  ago.  The  shores  of  the  Pacific  are  the 
seat  of  new  and  vast  enterprise  and  development.  Much  of 
this  traffic  must  and  will  pass  our  very  doors,  owing  to  the 
railroad  which  crosses  the  deserts  and  mountains  of  our 
State  with  grades,  curvature  and  standard  of  general  equip- 
ment that  compare  more  than  favorably  with  those  of  sys- 
tems in  the  comparatively  level  States  of  New  England  and 
the  Ohio  Valley. 

There  are  but  few  towns  of  equal  population  that  are  so 
well  provided  for  in  the  way  of  transportation  as  Reno.  Lo- 
cated as  it  is  on  the  greatest  one  of  all  the  overland  railroads, 
the  northern  terminus  of  the  Virginia  &  Truckee  Railroad 
with  its  connections,  which  extend  over  three  hundred  miles 
of  the  country  south,  and  the  terminus  of  the  Nevada-Cali- 
fornia-Oregon Railway  with  its  connections  covering  one 
hundred  and  eighty  miles  north,  makes  Reno  the  center  of  a 
population  and  country  greater  than  that  of  any  other  town 
of  its  size  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

Rates  on  the  railroads  that  enter  Reno,  cost  of  construc- 
tion, maintenance  and  operation  considered,  are  extremely 
low,  and  especially  is  this  the  case  on  the  products  of  the 
soil.  Wheat  is  taken  to  tide  water  at  a  rate  of  $5  per  ton, 
baled  hay  at  $2.80  per  ton,  potatoes  and  onions  $4  per  ton, 
apples  $7.50  per  ton,  live  stock,  wool,  honey,  lumber,  ore  and 
other  products  are  given  lower  rates  than  prevail  for  the 
same  service  in  many  of  the  eastern  States.  Population  con- 
sidered, Nevada  is  given  the  best  passenger  service  of  any 
State  in  the  Union.  Three  comfortable,  yes,  luxurious  trains 
cross  our  entire  State  each  way  daily,  and  a  special  train 
each  way  every  day  between  Reno  and  San  Francisco.  Stran- 
gers express  surprise  at  the  accommodations  enjoyed  by  our 
people  and  the  rates  they  get  on  their  shipments. 

Mutual  advantages  result  from  harmony  and  confidence, 
and  if  the  people  of  Nevada  realize  that  the  railroads  are 
their  friends  and  all  work  together  for  the  upbuilding  of  the 
State,  we  will  enjoy  prosperity  in  the  next  twenty  years  be- 


yond the  imagination  of  man  to  conceive.  But  one  cannot 
build  up  if  the  other  tears  down.  The  interests  of  a  commun- 
ity are  homogeneous  and  not  antagonistic.  The  lumber  com- 
pany can  hurt  the  drayman,  the  newspaper  can  hurt  the 
bank,  the  politician  can  hurt  the  farmer  if  they  quarrel,  but 
there  is  no  reason  why  they  should  do  so  any  more  than  there 
is  for  the  man  who  ships  to  be  at  issue  with  the  railroads. 

A  State  cannot  be  made  inviting  to  settlers  without  good 
railroads  and  fair  accommodations.  Nevada  is  not  behind 
in  this  respect,  and  is  indeed  fortunate  therein,  as  we  have 
railroads  reaching  all  points  of  importance  and  every  one  is 
solvent  and  reliable.  They  have  resources  equal  to  any 
probable  demand.  Only  those  who  have  lived  along  bank- 
rupt and  broken  down  roads  know  what  a  blessing  it  is  to 
have  substantial  service  and  capable  management. 

The  Nevada  roads  pay  high  wages  to  their  employes,  and 
consequently  have  the  best  men  in  the  business, — men  who 
make  good  citizens,  men  who  feel  secure  in  their  positions 
because  they  know  they  are  doing  right,  and  know  if  they 
do  right  they  are  secure  until  old  age  overtakes  them,  when 
a  pension  is  provided  until  death. 

On  the  railroads  of  Nevada  everything  is  kept  up  to  high 
standard,  and  as  the  country  grows  there  is  every  assurance 
that  the  systems  required  will  be  created  speedily  and  effect- 
ively. Especially  is  this  the  policy  of  the  Harriman  lines,  and 
it  is  well  to  remember  that  one  thoroughly  first-class  road 
will  be  of  greater  benefit  to  Nevada  than  if  we  had  several 
slipshod,  half-kept,  half-supported  railroads. 

THE  TONOPAH  MINER  rht?£s3£'%2  $£,&•" 

DUNHAM   &  MORRIS 

SAM  C.    DUNHAM       -----          Editor 
JAMES  MORRIS  Business  Manager 

I  One  vear     $<.oo          Three  months  $1.50 
Subscriptions  payable  in  advance]  s|x  mJonths    >  ;o          sing,e  copies  Io 

THE   MINER'S   PREDICTION:  Two  years  from  Railroad  Day  the  annual  production 
of  the  Tonopah  District  will  be  TWENTY-FIVE  MILLIONS. 


[49] 


Public  Schools. 

PROFESSOR  J.  E.  BRAY. 

NEVADA  did  not  grow  into  Statehood  as  other  com- 
monwealths have  grown.     A  great  mining  discov- 
ery and  the  excitement  attendant  thereon,  caused 
it  to  leap  into  Statehood,  almost  in  a  day,  thous- 
ands of  men  coming  in  here  from  all  parts  of  the 
globe,  forming  populous  and  thriving  mining  communities  in 
the  space  of  three  or  four  years.     Under  ordinary  circum- 
stances,   the   population    would    not    have   been    considered 
sufficient  to  form  a  State,  but  the  nation  was  then  in  the 
throes  of  the  Civil  War,  and  the  aid  of  another  loyal  State 
was  needed  in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States.     And  so. 
for  patriotic  reasons,  Nevada  was  hurried  into  Statehood. 

Fortunately  the  sturdy,  intelligent,  ambitious  men  who 
made  up  Nevada's  early  population  were  firm  believers  in 
public  education.  At  the  very  outset,  beside  the  corner 
grocery  and  blacksmith  shop,  there  went  up  the  church  and 
the  schoolhouse.  In  the  three  years  of  its  territorial  exis- 
tence schools  were  generously  provided,  supported  exclus- 
ively by  each  community.  When  a  State  constitution  was 
adopted,  in  1864,  provision  was  made  for  a  comprehensive 
system  of  public  education,  including  a  State  University. 
By  1867,  systematic  school  legislation  had  been  enacted  and 
liberal  provision  made  for  schools  in  every  part  of  Nevada. 

SCHOOL    DISTRICTS. 

By  a  provision  of  law,  "each  village,  town  or  incorporated 
city  of  this  State"  constitutes  a  school  district;  and  other 
districts  may  be  formed  by  the  various  Boards  of  County 
Commissioners,  for  the  accommodation  of  the  people  when- 
ever or  wherever  the  same  are  needed,  upon  application  of 
five  heads  of  families  residing  where  a  school  is  desired.  This 
brings  schools  everywhere  within  easy  reach  of  the  homes  of 
our  people. 


FUNDS. 

The  money  for  the  support  of  the  public  schools  comes 
from  four  sources: 

(a)  A  State  school  tax  levied  annually.  (6)  Interest  on 
the  Irreducible  State  School  Fund  (invested),  (c)  A  county 
school  tax.  (d)  Such  special  school  taxes  in  each  district  as 
may,  from  time  to  time,  be  found  necessary  in  order  to  main- 
tain a  school  at  least  six  months  each  year. 

The  Irreducible  School  Fund  is  now  nearly  $2,000,000, 
all  of  which  is  kept  invested,  much  of  it  bearing  six  per  cent 
interest  per  annum.  From  the  State,  through  direct  taxa- 
tion and  interest  on  the  Irreducible  Fund,  goes  out  to  the 
various  counties  approximately  $150,000  per  year;  and  nearly 
$100,000  more  is  raised  by  direct  taxation  in  the  various 
counties.  Thus  about  a  quarter  of  a  million  dollars  is  dis- 
bursed annually  for  the  education  of  Nevada's  10,000  public 
school  children.  It  may  safely  be  said  that  few  States  in 
the  Union  pay  so  much  per  capita  for  public  education;  and 
to  this  may  be  added,  to  the  great  honor  of  Nevada,  that 
nowhere  is  money  for  the  support  of  the  public  schools  more 
willingly  paid. 

TEACHERS. 

A  very  large  proportion  of  Nevada's  teachers  have  had 
collegiate  or  normal  school  training;  the  few  who  have  not 
had  such  training  are  men  and  women  with  special  aptitude 
for  teaching,  who  have  graduated  from  the  best  high  schools, 
supplementing  that  education  with  such  study  and  experi- 
ence that  they  have  often  ranked  among  our  very  best  teachers. 
Considering  its  sparsely  settled  condition  and  its  long  dis- 
tance from  great  educational  centers,  Nevada  is  most  fortu- 
nate in  having  so  intellectual  and  capable  a  body  of  men  and 
women  to  instruct  her  children.  With  increasing  population 
and  better  and  cheaper  means  of  transportation — all  of  which 
are  assured  to  Nevada  in  the  near  future — will  come  profes- 
sional spirit  and  enthusiasm,  more  frequent  teachers'  conven- 


[50] 


LIBRARY  ANO  SCHOOL  BUILDINGS  — RENO 


tions  for  consultation  and  careful  study  of  school  problems 
and  conditions,  so  essential  for  the  best  results  in  public 
school  work. 

SCHOOL    TERMS. 

In  the  cities  and  villages  throughout  the  State,  the  schools 
are  kept  open  ten  months  in  the  year,  and  in  most  of  the 
larger  country  districts  for  the  same  period.  Each  district 
must  have  at  least  six  months  of  school,  and  the  average  in 
the  country  districts  is  nearly  eight  months. 

SCHOOL    WORK. 

In  all  of  the  schools  of  the  State,  the  common  school 
branches  are  well  taught,  while  music,  drawing,  and  nature 
study  receive  attention  in  many  of  them.  Physiology  is 
quite  generally  taught.  Many  of  the  country  schools  under- 
take even  high  school  work  for  the  benefit  of  some  ambi- 
tious pupils  who  desire  to  go  to  the  university.  Without 
passing  upon  the  wisdom  of  such  instruction  in  a  mixed  school 
taught  by  one  teacher,  I  may  say  that  a  few  bright  girls  and 
boys  have  thus  been  enabled  to  pass  from  country  schools 
direct  to  college. 

In  many  of  the  larger  towns,  and  notably  in  Reno,  there 
are  well  graded  schools  with  modern  courses  of  study,  with 
all  the  opportunities  for  education,  including  preparation  for 
college  or  university,  that  may  be  found  in  the  regular  courses 
of  the  larger  cities  of  the  Union.  At  Sparks,  a  village  not 
yet  a  year  old,  situated  about  two  and  one-half  miles  east  of 
Reno,  is  a  fine  illustration  of  Nevada  educational  energy  and 
enterprise.  The  Board  of  School  Trustees  there,  in  confident 
anticipation  of  its  great  future,  are  already  planning  the  erec- 
tion of  a  model  school  building,  to  be  built  of  brick  and  to 
contain  eight  or  ten  rooms.  They  are  arranging  to  open 
schools  there  in  September,  1904,  with  an  up-to-date  school 
system,  so  that  the  people  of  the  new  town  may  have,  from 
the  beginning,  the  educational  advantages  that  in  the  older 
towns  have  been  the  slow  growth  of  years. 


To  the  good  people  of  other  States  and  Territories  who 
may  be  thinking  of  coming  to  Nevada,  let  me  say:  Nevada's 
schools  are  not  so  good  as  her  people  would  like  to  have  them, 
not  so  good  as  they  intend  to  make  them ;  but  they  are  gen- 
erally in  excellent  condition,  being  presided  over  by  most 
worthv  men  and  women. 


ST.  MARY'S  SCHOOL,  RENO 

In  1898  the  spacious  brick  building  on  the  corner  of  Wal- 
nut and  Chestnut  Streets,  known  as  St.  Mary's  Convent,  was 
opened  by  the  Dominican  Sisters  as  a  non-sectarian  boarding- 
school. 

The  aim  of  the  Sisters  is  to  give  young  girls  a  solid 
Christian  foundation,  to  fit  them  for  higher  education  at  the 
State  University.  Nothing  is  left  undone  to  promote  the 
comfort  and  health  of  the  boarders  who  at  present  number 
thirty-five. 

Special  attention  is  given  to  music  in  all  its  branches. 
Painting  and  needlework  also  receive  due  attention. 

Nor  is  the  Parish  school  neglected.  One  hundred  children 
of  Reno  are  daily  tutored  in  all  the  ordinary  branches  of 
education  by  the  Dominican  Sisters. 


Indian  Training  School,  Carson  City,  Nev. 

C.  H.  Asbury,  Superintendent. 

THIS  school  is  situated  three  and  one-half  miles 
south  of  Carson  City,  Nevada,  on  the  road  leading 
to  the  Carson  Valley.  It  was  established  in  1890, 
when  the  first  building  was  erected  and  school  was 
opened  with  a  few  pupils.  The  capacity  and  equip- 
ment have  been  increased  gradually,  until  there  are  now 


needed,  as  attendance  exceeds  present  capacity.  The  school 
is  known  locally  as  Stewart  Institute,  in  honor  of  Senator 
Stewart,  who  has  been  instrumental  in  getting  appropria- 
tions for  its  support  and  improvement. 

The  pupils  are  generally  as  tractable,  orderly  and  well- 
behaved  as  may  be  found  in  any  school  of  equal  size,  and 
seemingly  eager  to  improve  their  condition,  learning  their 
work  and  lessons  as  well  and  as  readily  as  scholars  of  other 
nationalities. 


INDIAN  TRAINING  SCHOOL,  CARSON  CITY,  NEVADA 


some  fifteen  buildings,  with  an  attendance  of  270  pupils, 
boys  and  girls.  They  are  given  practical  instructions  in 
farming,  carpentry,  blacksmithing,  shoe  and  harness  work, 
tailoring  and  engineering;  also  in  cooking,  sewing  and 
domestic  work,  besides  the  regular  school-room  work  up  to 
the  eighth-year  grade. 

The  pupils  are  enrolled  from  Nevada  and  adjacent  parts 
of  California,  the  attendance  being  voluntary.  The  build- 
ings are  being  increased  as  fast  as  possible,  and  the  room  is 


The  superintendent  has  an  able  corps  of  teachers  to 
assist  him,  who  take  great  pride  in  the  advancement  made 
by  their  scholars. 

This  school  is  supported  wholly  by  the  government,  and 
all  employees  are  under  classified  Civil  Service.  There  have 
been  four  superintendents  since  the  school  began,  Messrs. 
Gibson,  Mead,  Allen  and  Asbury,  the  latter  being  the  present 
incumbent. 

The  above  cut  shows  but  a  small  part  of  the  present  plant. 

53] 


The  State  University. 

PRESIDENT  JOSEPH  E.  STUBBS. 

THE  Nevada  State  University  at  Reno  is  the  head  of 
the  school  system  of  the  State.     From  kindergar- 
ten to  university  the  student  may  go  forward  step 
by  step.     Its  courses  of  study  fill  out  and  com- 
plete the  courses  of  study  in  the  common  schools. 
When  a  student  ascends  the  University  Hill  the  doors  of  the 
university  open  wide  to  him  if  he  has  been  faithful  in  the 
primary  school,  the  grammar  school  and  the  high  school. 

The  requirements  for  admission  to  the  Nevada  State  Uni- 
versity are  the  average  requirements  for  admission  to  the 
eastern  colleges.  They  are  not  quite  so  high  as  the  require- 
ments at  Stanford  University  or  the  University  of  California, 
for  the  reason  that  there  are  but  few  high  schools  in  the  State ; 
but  they  are  sufficiently  high  to  tax  the  capacity  of  the  stu- 
dent for  entrance.  When  a  student  has  once  gained  admit- 
tance to  the  freshman  class  he  finds  himself  under  obligation 
to  do  the  best  work  in  the  school  which  he  has  chosen,  or 
failure  is  inevitable. 

It  is  the  only  institution  of  collegiate  grade  in  the  State, 
and  offers  courses  of  study  equal  in  extent  and  completeness 
to  those  of  better-known  universities.  For  example,  it  has 
a  course  in  liberal  arts  and  science  which  for  breadth  and 
thoroughness  is  hardly  excelled.  All  subjects  are  required 
in  the  freshman  and  sophomore  years,  while  in  the  junior 
and  senior  the  work  is  wholly  elective  and  the  student  may 
confine  his  attention  to  one,  two,  or  three  subjects. 

The  State  Normal  School  is  a  department  of  the  univer- 
sity. Those  who  have  completed  a  high  school  course  may 
give  one  entire  year  to  pedagogical  training,  and  then  gradu- 
ate with  a  grammar  grade  diploma.  Candidates  for  the  high 
school  diploma  must  take  the  four  years  of  training  pre- 
scribed by  the  College  of  Arts  and  Sciences. 


The  School  of  Agriculture  is  a  complete  college  course  in 
agricultural  science.  There  are  at  present  few  students  in 
this  course,  but  the  future  promises  an  increasing  number 
inasmuch  as  the  industries  of  agriculture,  dairying  and  ani- 
mal husbandry  are  increasing  in  importance  and  value  every 
year. 

The  School  of  Domestic  Arts  and  Science,  which  was  in- 
troduced into  the  university  two  years  ago  in  order  to  give 
the  .young  women  an  opportunity  for  scientific  and  practical 
knowledge  in  the  noblest  of  all  arts  and  sciences — house- 
wifery— has  proved  a  marked  success.  There  are  from  forty 
to  fifty  young  women  who  pursue  the  various  branches  of 
cooking  and  sewing  in  connection  with  their  other  subjects, 
and  with  a  decided  gain  to  the  work,  of  the  young  women  of 
the  university.  A  young  woman  may  obtain  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Arts  or  Bachelor  of  Sciences  and  have  with  it, 
at  the  same  time,  an  adequate  knowledge  of  the  fundamental 
branches  of  housekeeping. 

The  engineering  courses  of  the  university  are  among  the 
most  prominent  and  most  useful  courses  of  education  on  the 
Coast.  They  comprise  the  School  of  Mining  and  Metallurgy, 
the  School  of  Mechanical  Engineering  and  the  School  of  Civil 
Engineering.  The  lines  of  study  are  fully  up  to  the  require- 
ments of  the  engineering  profession  in  its  several  departments. 
The  School  of  Mining  and  Metallurgy  is  the  oldest  and  one 
of  the  best  known  in  the  university,  and  any  student  com- 
pleting this  course  has  a  good,  strong  foundation  for  his 
future  work  in  the  profession  of  mining  and  metallurgy.  One 
of  our  professors  recently  made  an  estimate  of  the  number  of 
young  men  who  had  graduated  from  the  courses  of  engineer- 
ing and  what  they  are  now  doing.  The  total  number  from 
these  schools  is  seventy-two,  of  whom  sixty -nine  are  living; 
forty-seven  are  engaged  in  mining  engineering  or  the  man- 
agement of  mines;  fifteen  in  other  branches  of  engineering, 
and  seven  in  other  occupations.  In  their  field  of  labor  eleven 
are  in  South  Africa,  holding  lucrative  positions ;  two  in  Costa 


Rica,  one  in  Corea,  five  in  Mexico,  one  in  Texas,  one  in  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.,  five  in  Montana,  ten  in  California,  one  in  Wash- 
ington, one  in  Illinois,  twenty-eight  in  Nevada,  one  in  Utah, 
one  in  New  York  and  one  in  British  Columbia. 

The  School  of  Mechanical  Engineering  has  been  organ- 
ized for  five  years  and  has  made  enviable  progress  in  that 
time.  Its  graduates  are  holding  excellent  positions  in  this 
State,  and  there  is  a  demand  for  more  men  than  the  depart- 
ment can  supply.  Instruction  in  woodworking,  iron  working 
and  the  technical  subjects  of  the  mining  engineering  profession 
is  unexcelled.  The  instruction  in  drawing  in  all  its  branches 
is  superior  to  that  given  in  the  majority  of  engineering  in- 
stitutions. 

The  School  of  Civil  Engineering,  now  but  three  years  old, 
is  making  excellent  progress.  It  requires  more  work  in  sur- 
veying than  any  other  of  the  engineering  schools,  and  in  the 
technical  subjects  of  the  profession,  it  aims  to  qualify  the 
student  for  success. 


SCENE  NEAR  CARSON  CITY 


Work  of  the  Churches. 

REV.  S.  UNSWORTH. 

THIS  work  is  confined  almost  exclusively  to  cities 
and  towns  on  railroad  lines,  which  means  that 
vast  areas  of  the  State  are  unvisited  by  clergy- 
men of  any  name,  and  that  thousands  of  souls 
are  absolutely  unshepherded.  But  in  all  the 
towns  of  any  size  on  a  railroad,  churches  or  a  church  can  be 
found,  and  there  good  work  is  being  done,  often  in  face  of 
trials  and  discouragements  unknown  in  more  populous  and 
more  stable  communities.  There  is  much  preaching  of  the 
gospel  "to  a  procession,"  as  some  one  aptly  described  his 
work  in  a  drifting  community.  That  requires  faith  and  the 
courage  born  of  it,  and  even  greater  faith  is  required  to  min- 
ister, not  to  a  passing  but  to  a  dwindling  population.  Many 
of  the  old  mining  camps  have  become  such,  and  hence  have 
been  abandoned  by  the  minister,  because  first  abandoned 
by  the  miner.  An  occasional  visit  from  a  bishop  or  a  super- 
intendent is  all  that  such  places  can  look  forward  to,  "to 
give  them  their  meat  in  due  season."  They  probably,  if 
they  have  any  spiritual  hunger  left,  often  think  the  meat 
overdue.  But  there  are  many  growing,  many  permanent 
and  substantial  towns,  and  they  have,  because  they  can 
support,  or  partly  support,  them,  ministers  and  churches. 

METHODISTS. 

The  Methodists  probably  occupy  or  supply  the  greatest 
number  of  towns,  including  Reno,  where  they  have  a  large 
church,  both  building  and  membership,  and  a  good  parsonage, 
with  an  earnest  and  goodly  pastor.  The  superintendent  of 
the  work  of  the  Nevada  Mission  also  lives  here,  adding  strength 
to  the  local  work  by  his  strong  and  sterling  personality. 
The  same  is  true  of  the  president  of  the  State  University, 
who  is  also  a  devoted  clergyman  of  the  Methodist  Church. 


[56] 


METHODIST  CHURCH,  RENO 

In  Carson,  Virginia  City,  Gardnerville,  Lovelock,  Paradise 
Valley,  Winnemucca,  Yerington  and  Austin  are  settled 
pastors,  while  in  three  or  four  smaller  places  licentrates 
are  "trying  their  practice  hand  on  men  and  then  are  making 
the  women  Christians." 

John  Wesley's  spirit  is  here  in  Nevada,  to  the  great  profit 
of  the  State. 

CATHOLIC    CHURCH. 

And,  of  course,  the  spirit  of  Ignatius  Loyola  isn't  absent. 
That  great  Roman  Catholic  Church  that  throws  such  widely 
loving  arms  abroad  is  doing  much  to  draw  her  children  close 

[57] 


and  keep  them  from  the  evil  of  the  world  here  in 
Nevada  as  elsewhere.  In  Reno  is  a  strong  church 
with  two  zealous  and  faithful  resident  priests,  with, 
for  the  present,  an  Italian  priest  to  minister  to  the 
large  number  of  his  countrymen  who  live  here  in 
the  "Truckee  Meadows."  Five  "Sisters"  also  are 
here,  engaged  chiefly  in  conducting  a  good  parochial 
school. 

It  has  been  impossible  to  obtain  information  as 
to  the  work  being  done  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
State,  which  belongs  to  the  district  of  Salt  Lake,  but 
in  the  western  half,  earnest  and  successful  work  is 
being  carried  on  in  Carson,  Gold  Hill,  Virginia  City, 
Tonopah,  Wadsworth,  Winnemucca  and  Verdi. 

EPISCOPAL    CHURCH. 

The  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  earl}' established 
itself  in  the  State,  and  under  the  wise  administration 


CATHOLIC  CHURCH,  RENO 


CONGREGATIONAL    CHURCH,  RENO 

of  its  first  bishop,  grew  strong.  But  like  the  other  churches, 
it  knows  the  sorrow  of  having  had  to  abandon  once  promis- 
ing places  and  seeing  church  fabrics  go  to  decay.  In  Reno, 
however,  and  Carson,  Virginia  City,  Wadsworth,  Winne- 
mucca  and  Verdi  in  the  western  part  of  the  State,  and  at 
Elko,  in  the  eastern,  a  very  encouraging  work  is  being  done 
by  five  clergymen  who  minister  to  those  places.  Money  is 
in  the  bank  at  Tonopah  for  a  church  building,  and  more  ready 
as  the  salary  of  a  clergyman,  as  soon  as  a  suitable  man  can  be 
found. 


BAPTISTS. 

The  Baptists  have,  in  Reno,  a  fine  church  and  a  live 
congregation,  with  an  earnest  and  energetic  pastor. 
He  is  bubbling  over  with  vim,  and  East  Reno,  or 
Sparks,  is  catching  the  overflow.  Work  has  been  begun 
there.  It  is  in  the  "day  of  small  things,"  yet,  but  it  is 
begun  and  will  grow.  At  Verdi  is  a  pretty  little  church, 
the  only  one  in  the 
town,  belonging  to 
the  Baptists,  but 
only  used,  at  pre- 
sent, occasionally 
by  them. 

Another  clergy- 
man is  at  Wads- 
worth  and  preach- 
ing out  to  Fallons, 
where  a  little 
church  is  being 
built. 

PRESBYTERIAN. 

The  last  organ- 
ization to  establish 
itself  in  Reno  was 
the  Presbyterian,  about  two  years  ago.     A  good  church  building 
has    been    erected,    and    already    thirty    communicants    are 
enrolled,    and   the  work  is  going   vigorously   on   under   the 
direction  of  a  young,   aggressive  minister.     The  church  in 
Virginia  City  is  closed  at  present,  but  strong  parishes  are 
at  Carson  City  and  Lamoile,  Wells,  and  Star  Valley. 

CONGREGATIONALIST. 

Reno  is  the  only  town  in  the  State  where  the  Congrega- 
tionalists  have  established  themselves,  but  their  congregation 


EPISCOPAL  CHURCH,    RENO 


[58] 


BAPTIST  CHURCH,  RENO 

here  is  in  flourishing  condition,  and  under  the  inspiration  of 
a  new  pastor  arrived,  gives  promise  of  a  healthy  extension 
of  its  activities.  One  of  the  best  church  buildings  of  the 
State  is  theirs. 


ADVENT1STS. 

The  Seventh  Day  Adventists  also  have  a  church  in 
Reno,  the  sole  one,  it  is  believed,  of  the  denomination  in 
the  State. 

VOLUNTEERS    OF    AMERICA. 

Mention  of  the  Volunteers  of  America  must  not  be 
omitted.  They  make  their  presence  known  wherever 
they  are,  and  here  in  Reno  their  power  is  being  felt. 
A  hall  on  one  of  the  principal  streets  in  the  business 
part  of  the  town  has  just  been  bought,  giving  them 
the  "local  habitation  and  a  name"  that  promise 
permanency. 


PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH,  RENO 


[59] 


^here    are    today,     and    there    have    been 

since    1860,  more   Studebaker   vehicles 

used  in  Nevada  than  all    other   makes   com- 

bined.     The   fact  that  we  give  you  a  better 

wagon  at  no  greater  price  is  the  only  reason. 

Write  any  of  our  Nevada  agencies  for  catalogues  and  prices. 
If  there    is    no    agent    in    your  vicinity   write   direct   to   us 

STTPEBAKER  HROS.  f  .O 


OF   CALIFORNIA. 

Market  &  loth  Sts.         :  :         SAN    FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


NEVADA  AND  EASTERN 
CALIFORNIA    AGENCIES 

Austin  Commercial  Co., 

Austin,  Nevada 

J.  R.  Bradley  Co., 

Reno,  Nevada 

Baker  Brothers, 

Lovelock,  Nevada 

C.  H.  Eaton  Co., 

Gardnerville,  Nevada 

Evans-Burchell  Co., 
Fallon,  Nevada 

The  Horton  Co., 

Battle  Mountain,  Nevada 

E.  Reinhart  &  Co., 

Winnemucca,  Nevada 

C.  E.  Emerson, 

Susanville,  California 

T.  H.  Johnstone, 

Cedarville,  California 

Geo.  H.  Knight, 

Adin,  California 

E.  Lauer  &  Sons, 

Alturas,  California 

Leece  &  Waterson, 
Bishop,  California 


Climate  and  Health  Conditions 

HON.  H.  F.  BARTINE. 

AMONG  Nevada's  greatest  attractions  are  the  splendid 
climatic  and  health  conditions  which  prevail,  not 
merely  in  specially  favored  localities,  but  all  over 
the  State.  There  are  considerable  differences  in 
temperature  depending  upon  elevation  and  topog- 
raphy. 

Along  the  line  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  from  Love- 
lock to  Wells  and  that  vicinity,  the  mercury  sometimes  falls 
so  low  as  to  make  the  reports  almost  appalling  to  people 
unfamiliar  with  Nevada  conditions.  Thirty  or  forty,  and 
even  sixty  degrees  below  zero  have  been  reported.  Still  so 
dry  and  pure  is  the  atmosphere  that  the  extreme  cold  is 
hardly  noticed,  and  people  seldom  neglect  their  usual  winter 
avocations  on  account  of  it.  Taking  the  State  as  a  whole, 
the  thermometer  seldom  registers  lower  than  fifteen  below, 
and  over  wide  areas  there  are  many  winters  in  which  the 
zero  mark  is  not  reached.  In  summer  from  ninety  to  one 
hundred  are  about  the  top  limits,  and  the  heat  is  in  no  sense 
oppressive,  for  the  same  reason  that  the  cold  is  not  severely 
felt, — namely,  the  dryness  of  the  atmosphere.  Cases  of 
death  by  freezing  are  exceedingly  rare,  while  sunstrokes  are 
practically  unknown.  In  the  humid  climate  of  the  States 
east  of  the  Mississippi  when  the  mercury  rises  above  eighty- 
five,  human  beings  and  horses  begin  to  drop,  overpowered 
by  the  heat;  but  if  either  a  horse  or  a  man  ever  died  in  this 
State  as  a  result  of  genuine  sunstroke,  the  writer  has  never 
heard  of  it  in  all  the  thirty-five  years  that  have  passed  since 
he  became  a  resident. 

The  most  disagreeable  features  of  the  climate  are  the 
high  winds  which  sometimes  prevail  chiefly  in  the  late  spring. 
These  are  owing  to  the  circumstance  that  the  valleys  become 
heated  while  the  mountain  ranges,  being  partially  covered 


with  snow  and  considerably  more  elevated,  are  much  cooler. 
The  heated  air  of  the  valleys  rises  and  the  cooler  air  from 
the  mountain  rushes  down  to  take  its  place.  While  those 
winds  are  rather  unpleasant,  they  are  of  comparatively  rare 
occurrence,  and  when  they  do  come  they  are  highly  conduc- 
ive to  health  by  purifying  the  atmosphere.  Nowhere  in  the 
United  States  are  there  upon  an  average  more  beautiful, 
sunny  days  than  in  Nevada.  To  say  that  we  have  three 
hundred  perfectly  clear  or  fair  days  out  of  the  three  hundred 
and  sixty-five  constituting  the  year  is  a  conservative  state- 
ment. 

The  climate  is  as  salubrious  as  it  is  beautiful,  and  it  may 
well  be  doubted  if  anywhere  in  the  world  general  health  con- 
ditions are  better  than  they  are  here.  It  may  be  asserted 
with  some  assurance  that  no  person  born  and  bred  in  Nevada 
ever  had  consumption.  There  is  literally  no  malaria,  no 
diseases  of  any  kind  that  can  be  ascribed  to  conditions  of 
either  climate  or  soil.  With  consumption  and  malaria  prac- 
tically unknown  among  the  natives  of  the  State,  or  those 
free  from  the  diseases  named  when  they  came  here,  it  is  quite 
apparent  that  Nevada  is  exempt  from  two  of  the  worst 
scourges  which  menace  human  existence  and  happiness  in 
the  region  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Here,  as  everywhere,  sickness  and  death  come  sooner  or 
later  to  all.  Still  it  can  be  said  in  perfect  candor  that  no- 
where else  on  the  surface  of  this  globe  can  one  hundred  and 
ten  thousand  square  miles  of  territory  in  solid  mass  be  found 
in  which  climatic  conditions  are  more  conducive  to  health 
and  longevity  than  are  those  which  prevail  universally  all 
over  the  sage-brush  State.  With  just  reasonable  care  people 
may  live  as  long,  as  comfortably,  and  as  happily  in  Nevada 
as  anywhere  else  in  the  world. 

While  possessing  a  climate  that  ever  keeps  our  inhabi- 
tants healthy,  we  also  have  for  those  who  shall  come  afflicted 
with  the  various  ills  of  life,  nature's  sanitariums  in  several 
hot  spring  resorts  that  rival  in  virtue  any  springs  elsewhere 


[61] 


in  the  world.  Prominent  of  these  are  Walley's,  in  Douglas 
County,  to  be  reached  by  stage  ride  sixteen  miles  south  of 
Carson  City;  this  is  a  popular  and  well  patronized  resort, 
with  excellent  hotel  accommodations. 

The  famous  Golconda  Hot  Springs,  at  Golconda,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  in  Humboldt  County,  and  of 
which  Louis  Dutertre  is  proprietor,  are  visited  by  many  peo- 
ple yearly.  Some  of  the  great  virtues  possessed  by  the  waters 
of  these  springs  are  further  mentioned  on  another  page  herein. 

The  Steamboat  Springs,  ten  miles  south  of  Reno,  on  the 
Virginia  and  Truckee  Railroad,  are  composed  of  a  group  of 
geysers  and  other  boiling  outbursts  of  water,  extending  for 
a  mile  along  the  railway;  they  emit  great  clouds  of  steam 
which  suggested  their  name,  and  are  said  to  contain  mercury 
and  other  minerals  in  solution  which  possess  great  curative 
qualities  for  complaints  of  specific  origin  and  all  chronic 
troubles.  The  surrounding  climatic  conditions  are  unsur- 
passed. 

Lawton  Springs  are  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  five 
miles  west  of  Reno,  and  is  a  popular  resort.  Besides  these 
there  are  Shaw's  Springs,  Carson,  Ormsby  County,  Bruffey's 
Springs  in  Eureka  County,  and  White  Sulphur  Springs  at 
Elko,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  all  of  which  are  ex- 
tremely well  patronized. 

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NEVADA  AND  CALIFORNIA 

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and  GOLD  REEF,  as  well  as  the  new  TONOPAH  RAIL- 
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We  are  the  largest 
MANUFACTURERS  ON  THE    PACIFIC  COAST 

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and  Theatre  Seating,  Bank  Counters,  Post- 
office  Cabinets,  Maps,  Charts  and  Globes 

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S  CO. 

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SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


For   Information   About 

Nevada,  California  and  all  the  West 

get  the  books  issued  by  the 

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and  sent  for  two  cents  postage  each 

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and  literature  about  summer  and  health  resorts 


Sunset    Magazine 

leads  the  west  in  artistic  illustration  and  ably 
written  articles  about  the  far  western  states. 
It  is  published  by  the  Passenger  Department 
of  the  Southern  Pacific  Company  and  sold 
everywhere.  loc.  a  copy,  jjjl  .00  a  year. 


Write  to  any  Agent  of  the  Southern   Pacific 


s 


SILENT  TESTIMONY 

A  little  over  eight  years  ago  this  Company  had  but  one 
store  in  Sacramento,  handling  furniture,  carpets,  linoleum, 
draperies,  china,  glassware,  crockery,  stoves,  kitchenware,  etc. 
Today  it  operates  four  large  establishments  in  Sacramento, 
San  Francisco,  Stockton,  and  Reno.  The  total  actual  sales 
for  the  year  ending  Oct.  31,  1904,  were  over  $2,34.0,000. 
This  is  without  doubt  the  largest  volume  of  business  done  by 
any  one  firm  in  these  lines  outside  of  New  York. 
California  and  Nevada  are  just  beginning  to  be  developed. 
Here  is  some  "food"  for  thought. 


Sacramento,   San  Francisco,  Stockton,  and   Reno 


Reno  Power,  Light  and  Water  Company 

INCORPORATED  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Cali- 
fornia, for  $1,000,000,  office  No.  117   Virginia  Street, 
Reno,   Nev.     The  officers   of    the    company  are   com- 
posed   of    the  following   gentlemen :    President,  P.    L. 
Flanigan  ;  vice-president,  Dr.  W.  H.  Patterson  ;  secre- 
tary, W.  L.  Bechtel ;    treasurer,   the  Washoe  County   Bank. 
This    company   own    and    control    the  water    plant,    gas 
plant,  electric  light  plant,  storage  plant,  ice  plant  and  Hyland 
Ditch,  together  with  5,000  acres  of  land.     No  purer  water 
is  furnished  to  the  inhabitants  of  any  city  than  is  furnished 
by  this    company.     The   Hyland   Ditch    taps   the    sparkling 
waters   of   the  Truckee   River,  fourteen    miles  above  Reno, 
near  Verdi.     It  empties  into  and  is  connected  with  two  large 
reservoirs,  having  a  capacity  of  80,000  gallons,  situated  on 
the  high  lands  near  Reno.     The  water  is  furnished  at  a  rea- 
sonable   rate    to    their  patrons.     Reno   consumes    8,000,600 
gallons  daily,  using  this  water  for  irrigating  lawns,  gardens, 
and    all    domestic    purposes  —  in   fact,  there    is    more   than 
enough    for  a   population    double    the   present.     The  water 
mains   are   from   22  inches  to    4   inches,    and    cover    all  the 
streets  of  Reno,  so  that   every  person  who  wishes  can  have 
all  the  water  required  for  all  purposes.     The  present  system 
is  to  be  extended  to  Sparks,  three  miles  east  of  Reno,  and  is 
to  be  completed  by  January  i,  1905. 

The  company  have  acquired  a  number  of  absolutely  pure 
springs  of  water,  lying  west  of  the  head  of  their  ditch,  and 
intend  no  install  this  water  to  be  used  for  domestic  purposes 
only.  When  that  is  accomplished  it  is  probable  that  Reno 
can  boast  of  having  the  purest  drinking  water  of  any  city  in 
our  land. 

The  present  gas  plant  is  small,  and  the  rapid  growth  of 


Reno  has  caused  the  management  to  contemplate  the  erec- 
tion of  a  late,  up-to-date  plant  commensurate  with  the  city's 
present  and  future  requirements,  which  will  be  installed  in 
the  near  future. 

The  electric  light  plant  is  strictly  up  to  date,  with  the 
most  modern  machinery,  buildings,  etc.  This  plant  furnishes 
to  Reno  residents  and  surroundings  light  and  power  at  a 
more  reasonable  price  than  is  furnished  by  any  other  com- 
pany on  the  Pacific  Coast.  There  are  over  60,000  incandes- 
cent and  90  arc  lights  in  daily  use  in  our  city,  and  5,000 
incandescents  in  Sparks.  The  company  operate  their  own 
plant  of  600  horse  power,  and  have  a  reserve  bought  from 
the  Truckee  River  and  General  Electric  Company  at  Farad, 
Cal.,  and  connected  by  a  long  line  transmission  service  with 
Reno.  This  company  have  contracted  with  the  Southern 
Pacific  railroad  shops  at  Sparks  to  furnish  250  horse  power, 
and  the  Nevada  Transit  Company  (Reno  street  railway) 
with  150  horse  power,  and  are  always  prepared  to  contract 
power  and  light  in  any  quantity  desired. 

The  ice  plant  operated  by  this  company  turns  out  a  pure 
hygienic  article,  and  suffice  to  say,  the  following  figures  will 
demonstrate  their  large  patronage  :  From  April  ist  to  Octo- 
ber 3ist  of  this  year,  their  sales  were  3,339,175  pounds. 
The  cold  storage  plant  owned  by  this  corporation  is  equipped 
with  the  most  modern  appliances,  and  the  company  has 
perfect  facilities  for  the  storing  of  meats,  eggs,  butter,  poul- 
try, beer,  etc.,  at  very  reasonable  rates  by  the  month  or 
season. 

By  the  foregoing  our  readers  will  readily  see  that  Reno 
has  all  modern  advantages  in  the  matter  of  water,  light, 
power,  etc.,  making  it  the  equal,  in  point  of  health,  to  any 
other  city  in  the  land,  and  superior  to  many.  All  these 
advantages,  in  connection  with  our  pure  mountain  air,  make 
life  in  Reno  and  vicinity  ideal. 


[65] 


FI.ANIGAN  WAREHOUSE  COMPANY 


The    Flanigan    Warehouse    Company. 

THIS  is  the  leading  warehouse  company  in  the  State. 
They  have  a  large  two-story  brick  building,  with 
electric  elevator  and  all  modern  improvements,  sit- 
uated on  the  corner  of  Fourth  Street  and  Eureka 
Avenue,  on  the  line  of  the  electric  railway.  The 
building  has  one  hundred  and  six  feet  frontage  and  a 
depth  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet,  and  even  this  is  found 
hardly  adequate  at  times,  especially  in  the  wool  season, 
when  the  company  have  from  one  to  two  million  pounds  of 
wool  to  care  for.  This  wool  is  stored  in  the  great  ware- 
house, completely  filling  it  from  the  floor  to  the  roof,  and 
sales  are  conducted  twice  yearly,  the  representatives  of  the 
principal  wool-buying  centers  of  the  East  being  present  in 
large  numbers  at  these  semi-annual  sales.  Sheep  supplies  of 
all  kinds  will  always  be  found  at  the  company's  salesroom, 
in  charge  of  attentive  salesmen.  The  company,  in  connec- 
tion therewith,  conduct  a  general  storage  and  commission 
business,  storing  furniture  and  household  goods,  and,  in  fact, 
every  commodity  required,  at  reasonable  rates.  They  are 
also  general  distributors  of  Castle  Rock  mineral  water,  A.  B.  C. 
beer,  Port  Costa  flour,  and  are  wholesale  dealers  in  lime, 
cement,  salt,  sulphur,  wool  and  grain  bags,  sheep  dip,  black- 
smith and  fuel  coal,  grain,  flour,  paper  and  twine;  also 
agents  for  the  Baker  &  Hamilton  complete  line  of  wagons, 
buggies,  runabouts,  phaetons,  traps  and  trapettes,  always 
carrying  in  stock  the  most  complete  line  in  the  State;  are 
also  agents  for  the  celebrated  Champion  mowers  and  rakes, 
and  Buckeye  mowers  and  Tiger  rakes. 

The  company  are  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  Nevada 
for  $50,000  fully  paid  up  capital  stock.  The  following  are 
the  officers  of  the  company:  P.  L.  Flanigan,  president; 
James  Dunn,  vice-president;  S.  M.  Sample,  secretary  and 
manager. 


[67] 


SENATOR  P.  L.  FLANIGAN 


Sheep  Industry. 

THERE  is  no  section  in  the  union  where  sheep  thrive 
or  do  better  than  in  Nevada.  During  the  sum- 
mer months  the  hillsides  abound  with  fine  native 
grasses,  and  in  the  winter  sagebrush  makes  excel- 
lent feed.  There  are  about  750,000  sheep  in  the 
State.  Washoe,  Elko,  Humboldt,  Lander  and  Esmeralda 
Counties  contain  the  greater  portion.  The  owners  of  these 
herds  take  great  pride  in  their  welfare,  and  import  the 
best  of  blooded  stock  to  increase  their  quality.  Nevada 
wool  commands  the  highest  price  in  the  market.  The  clip 
this  year  sold  for  12 £  to  16  cents  per  pound.  Eastern  wool 
buyers  send  their  representatives  to  the  Nevada  sales,  which 
take  place  semi-annually.  At  these  times  one  of  the  busiest 
of  these  emporiums  is  the  Flanigan  Warehouse  Company 
of  Reno,  Nevada,  and  during  'one  of  these  sales  there  will 
be  found  the  principal  sheep  owners  of  the  State.  The 
greater  portion  of  the  wool  is  shipped  to  the  East  in  the 
original  package  in  grease.  Some  little,  however,  is  scoured 
in  San  Francisco,  Cal.  The  French  merino  ewe  crossed  with 
the  Lincoln,  Schropshire  or  Cotswold  breed,  seems  to  thrive 
the  best  in  this  State,  the  mutton  being  of  a  very  superior 
quality  and  the  clip  averaging  some  eight  pounds.  An  aver- 
age of  90  per  cent  of  lambs  are  raised  each  year,  and  bring 
the  very  highest  price  in  the  Eastern  as  well  as  Pacific  mar- 
kets. This  year  Nevada  lambs  brought  the  very  highest 
figure  paid  in  the  Chicago  market. 

The  sheep  industry  is  conducted  on  conservative  business 
principles,  and  it  is  now  one  of  the  greatest  sources  of  rev- 
enue in  the  State  and  increasing  gradually  year  by  year. 
And  while  there  are  now  only  about  three-quarters  of  a 
million  in  Nevada,  there  is  abundant  room  for  many  times 
this  number,  the  sheep  following  the  melting  snow  up  the 
mountain  sides  during  the  spring  and  summer  under  the 


FLAT-TAILED   PERSIAN  SHEEP  FROM   THE  BLOSSOM   RANCH, 
BATTLE  MOUNTAIN,  NEVADA 

watchful  care  of  the  herder  and  his  ever  faithful  dog,  eating 
of  the  tender  grasses  made  by  the  melting  snow  and  living 
comfortably  during  the  winter  months  on  the  lowlands  and 
in  the  valleys,  thus  making  of  Nevada  an  ideal  climate  for 
the  successful  raising  of  these  animals. 

The  principal  sheep  owners  of  Nevada  are  P.  L.  Flanigan, 
James  Dunn,  J.  D.  Flanigan,  Wheeler  &  Ridenour,  Martin 
Predere,  A.  Fransen,  Y.  Yparraguirre  &  Brother,  C.  E.  Day, 
C.  E.  Wedertz,  J.  J.  O'Brien,  John  G.  Taylor,  W.W.Williams, 
Adams  &  McGill,  Mrs.  W.  T.  Jenkins,  W.  F.  Mahoney, 
H.  F.  Danberg  Livestock  Co.,  Thos.  Hill,  J.  W.  Freeman, 
Noble  &  Talbott,  Geo.  Ernst,  Eureka  Livestock  Co.,  Clover 
Valley  Land  and  Cattle  Co.,  Corbeil  &  Co.,  Jordan  Valley 
Stock  Co.,  Golconda  Cattle  Co.,  Thos.  Nelson  and  John  O'  Kane. 


[68] 


FINISHED  PRODUCTS  READY  FOR  SHIPMENT 


Troy    Laundry    Company. 

THIS  fine  plant  is  an  ornament  to  our  city,  and  is 
situated    on    the   banks  of   the    beautiful  Truckee 
River,   at  the  corner  of    North  and  High   Streets. 
The  company  have  erected  a  large,  handsome  brick 
building,  with  fire-proof  roofing,  cement  floors,  and 
it  is  as  near  fireproof  as  it  is  possible  to    make  a  laundry. 
They    have    50    feet    frontage  and  125  feet    depth,  and    are 
equipped  with  the  most  modern,  up-to-date  laundry  machin- 
ery purchasable.     The  company  are  incorporated  under  the 
laws  of  the  State  of  Nevada  for  $25,000,  fully  paid  in.     The 
officers  of    the   company  are   the   following,  and  are  among 
Reno's  leading  citizens  :    P.  L.  Flanigan,  president ;    J.   H. 
Clemens,  vice-president ;   S.  M.  Sample,  secretary  and  man- 
ager.    The  company  are  doing  the  leading  and  largest  laun- 
dry business  in  the  State,  having  agencies  at  Tonopah,  Car- 
son, Virginia,  Wadsworth,  Winnemucca  and  Lovelock,  Nev., 
also  Lakeview,  Ore.,  Altruras,  Beckwith  and  Truckee,  Cal., 
and  many  other  points  tributary  to  Reno. 

The  superior  class  of  work  done  by  this  progressive  com- 
pany cannot  be  surpassed  anywhere  east  or  west,  and  under 
the  present  management  is  destined  to  keep  pace  with  the 
city's  and  State's  growth.  In  connection  therewith  they 
operate  the  Reno  Clean  Towel  Supply  Company,  furnishing 
towels,  looking-glass,  comb,  brush  and  soap  at  a  reasonable 
monthly  rental.  This  branch  of  their  business  is  assuming 
large  proportions,  and  is  fully  appreciated  by  the  many  who 
take  advantage  of  this  system.  Their  motto  will  ever  be 
found  in  "  honest  work  and  honest  prices." 


Kindly  send  IDC  for  postage  to  the  Nevada  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
Reno,  Nevada,  for  each  extra  copy  of  "Greater  Nevada." 


of 


OHjartrrrti  1881 


The  California  School  of  Elocution  and  Oratory  offers  a  systematic 
course  in  Elocution  and  Oratory,  and  grants  legal  diplomas  upon  its 
completion.  This  course  prepares  persons  for  teaching  the  art,  for 
public  appearances  as  platform  reader  or  entertainer  and  for  dramatic 
work.  CJ  Those  who  do  not  desire  the  complete  course  may  receive 
instruction  in  any  or  several  of  the  following  departments  : 


Producing  an  agreeable  and  responsive  voice 
able  to  endure  prolonged  effort. 

|JI)1Uiinil  (CltltUrf  :     Giving  health  and  development  of  body 
and  ease  and  grace  in  movement. 

jExpreaainnal  (Framing:  Giving  Seif-kn0wiedge  and 

mastery,  essential  to  success  in  any  business  or  profession. 
IHfauitUJ:      Producing  ability  to  read,  recite  or  speak  effectively. 

Uramatir  ifnterprrtattnn  :  Helping  to  a  better  aPPre- 

ciation  of  nature  and  art  and  to  mental  development  and  literary 
culture. 


Programs  suggested  and  pupils  coached  in  recita- 
tions, monologues,  character  sketches,  addresses,  etc. 


I!    Affording  instruction  and  practice  in 

the  proper  manner  of  transacting  business  in  Clubs,  Societies  and 
public  meetings.  In  this  age,  every  man  and  woman  should 
understand  how  to  conduct  such  affairs. 

Ladies  and  gentlemen  may  receive  class  or  private  instruction  in  the  day 
or  evening.  CIA  limited  number  of  children  will  be  admitted  to  special 
classes.  CJ  Terms  for  lessons  and  further  particulars  will  be  furnished 
upon  application  to  the  principal,  Miss  EMILY  CURTIS,  M.  E. 

Asiiuriatunt  tiutiliMiw,  jEaautt  anil  tllia 
8>an  Jfranrtsrn,  (California 


[70] 


STREET    SCENE    AT    RENO 


History  of  the  Borax  Deposits  in  Nevada. 

B.  F.  EDWARDS. 

THE  United  States  supply  of  borax  is  almost  entirely 
obtained  from  California    and   Nevada.     The  first 
discovery  was  made  in  Lake  County,  Cal.,  in  1856. 
In  1862  the   San  Bernardino  borax  marsh  was  dis- 
covered.    In  1871  borax  was  found  on  the  marshes 
of  Esmeralda  County,  Nev.,  by  Mr.  F.  M.  Smith,  now  presi- 
dent of  the  Pacific  Coast  Borax  Company,  the  largest  pro- 


Marshes  in  the  West  differ  very  much  in  appearance  from 
what  is  known  in  the  East  as  a  marsh.  In  the  West  they 
are  not  necessarily  very  soft  or  wet,  but  are  generally  dry 
lakes  or  lagoons  covered  with  an  alkaline  crust.  They 
occupy  the  low  depressions  in  the  bottom  of  the  desert  and 
receive  the  drainage  from  a  large  surrounding  area,  and  the 
saline  matter  accumulating  gives  it  a  light,  whitish  appear- 
ance. After  a  local  storm  or  a  cloudburst  they  may  be  wet 
or  soft  for  some  time,  but  when  the  water  evaporates,  they 
glisten  like  fields  of  snow. 


20-MULE  TEAM   HAULING   BORAX. 


ducers  of  refined  borax  and  boracic  acid  in  the  world,  whose 
famous  twenty-mule  team  is  now  on  exhibition  at  the  St. 
Louis  Fair,  in  charge  of  Mr.  J.  A.  Yerrington  of  the  Nevada 
State  Building. 

Mr.  Smith  also  located  a  rich  deposit  in  Nevada  known 
as  the  Teel's  Marsh  Deposit,  which  furnished  a  large  percent- 
age of  the  annual  output  up  to  1893.  The  Nevada  marshes 
have  been  producing  steadily  since  then. 

T7Z1 


At  the  time  Mr.  Smith  discovered  the  borax  it  was  a 
dry  season,  and  the  alkali  deposits  were  more  than  usually 
extensive.  From  the  hilltops  he  could  see  the  gleaming 
white  Teel's  marsh,  and  on  visiting  it  he  found  a  heavy 
incrustation  which  seemed  rich  in  borax  on  testing.  It 
appeared  afterwards  that  he  had  by  chance  stepped  upon 
the  richest  portion  of  the  marsh  first.  He  was  so  impressed 
with  the  appearance  of  the  marsh  that  he  at  once  located 


several  thousand  acres,  most  of  which  afterwards  proved 
to  be  valueless.  The  material  found  in  these  marshes  is 
called  cotton-balls,  a  borate  of  lime.  This  is  boiled  with 
water  and  carbonate  of  soda,  when  the  two  minerals  change 
partners,  the  carbonate  in  the  soda  uniting  with  the  lime, 
forming  a  carbonate  of  lime,  and  the  borate  in  the  lime 
uniting  with  the  soda  in  the  proportions  of  two  parts  of 
boracic  acid  to  one  of  soda,  forming  a  bi-borate  of  soda  or 
the  borax  of  commerce. 

Borax  was  worth  30  cents  per  pound  when  Teel's  marsh 
was  discovered,  but  so  many  small  plants  for  the  produc- 
tion of  borax  from  cotton-balls  were  erected  in  different 
parts  of  Nevada,  that  a  rush  was  started  that  almost  ruined 
the  market. 

Mr.  Smith  finally  obtained  sole  control  of  Teel's  marsh 
by  buying  out  over  one  hundred  locators  and  clearing  up  all 
adverse  claims. 

About  twelve  years  ago  Mr.  Smith  transferred  the  prop- 
erty to  the  Pacific  Coast  Borax  Company,  in  which  he  is  the 
largest  stockholder,  and  from  that  time  on  the  growth  of 
the  industry  has  been  rapid.  Borax  today  retails  in  the 
larger  States  for  10  cents  per  pound  in  packages,  and  has  a 
wide  consumption  among  housewives,  owing  to  its  cleansing 
qualities. 

Teel's  marsh  was  the  first  deposit  to  be  commercially 
profitable  in  the  desert  region,  but  the  Rhodes,  Columbus 
and  Fish  Lake  marshes  were  afterward  worked  to  good 
advantage,  and  are  still  working.  They  are  all  in  Esmeralda 
County,  and  not  many  miles  apart. 

In  general  appearance  these  borax  marshes  are  exactly 
alike.  There  is  a  bowl  of  a  valley  surrounded  by  pictur- 
esque, if  barren,  mountains,  and  at  the  bottom  of  this  bowl 
is  a  vast  deposit  that  looks  like  water,  or  salt,  or  dirty  snow, 
or  chalk,  according  to  the  conditions  of  the  air  and  the 
distance  of  the  spectator. 

When  one  walks  across  the  marsh,  he  finds  it  covered, 


for  the  most  part,  with  a  sandy-looking  crust  through  which 
the  feet  break.  Below  this  crust  there  is  commonly  clay, 
more  or  less  wet,  and  in  places  water  and  slime  of  unford- 
able  depth.  The  marshes  are,  beyond  doubt,  the  bottoms 
of  lakes  now  dried  up.  No  one  can  say  just  where  the 
borates  came  from,  how  they  were  formed,  or  how  deposited. 
This  much  is  known,  however :  Borax,  in  the  language  of 
the  chemist,  is  a  bi-borate  of  soda — it  is  a  compound  of 
boracic  acid  and  a  small  proportion  of  soda.  Boracic  acid 
is  formed  naturally  in  some  volcanic  regions,  perhaps  as  cer- 
tain other  products  are  formed,  the  sulphurous  gases,  for 
instance.  This  boracic  acid,  in  gaseous  form  or  solution,  came 
rising  from  subterranean  laboratories,  through  certain  other 
substances,  and  formed  compounds  with  them.  It  came  in 
contact  with  lime,  and  formed  borate  of  lime,  and  with  soda, 
and  formed  borate  of  soda.  These  combinations  were  formed 
under  different  circumstances,  and  therefore  the  compounds 
differ  from  each  other  in  appearance,  but  just  what  these 
circumstances  were,  nobody  knows.  The  cotton-balls  occur 
in  beds  and  nests  and  singly  as  well. 

Wherever  there  is  a  deposit  of  borate  of  soda,  the  crust 
forming  on  the  deposit  continually  increases  in  quantity. 
After  the  workmen  have  removed  it,  it  grows  again  to  a  cer- 
tain extent,  but  will  eventually  be  worked  out. 

The  marshes  in  Esmeralda  County  are  at  an  elevation  of 
more  than  5,000  feet  above  the  sea. 

The  writer  regrets  lack  of  knowledge  bearing  on  borax 
deposits  located  north  of  Reno,  operated  for  many  years  by 
Mr.  J.  M.  Fulton. 

Borax  finds  innumerable  uses,  and  these  are  ever  increas- 
ing. It  is  employed  in  more  than  fifty  different  industries, 
the  most  important,  perhaps,  being  those  of  meat  packing, 
glass  and  enamel  ware  manufacture,  and  domestic  uses. 
There  is  probably  no  single  article  employed  in  the  house- 
hold which  meets  so  great  a  variety  of  needs. 


The  Greater  Reclamation  Ditch. 

FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES  GOVERNMENT  IN  NEVADA. 

THE  work  for  the  Irrigating  Ditch  was  let  to  the  C.  A. 
Warren  Co.,  of  San  Francisco,  and  the  San  Fran- 
cisco Construction  Co.  carried  out  and  completed 
the  work,  the  works  furnishing  all  necessary  plant. 
The  work  consisted  of  constructing  a  concrete  dam 
across  the  Truckee  River,  first  diverting  .the  water  by  means 
of  sheet  piling,  and  then  constructing  a  permanent  concrete 
dam,  to  divert  the  water  into  the  canal.     It  required  an  ex- 
cavation of  about  1,500,000  cubic  yards  of  earth,  and  owing 
to  the  formation  of  the  ground  it  was  necessary  to  make 
cuts  over  one   hundred  feet;   there   are  three   tunnels   con- 
structed on  the  line,  that  are  lined  with  concrete.     The  sides 
of  a  large  portion  of  the  ditch  are  also  concreted.     The  com- 
pany have  been  working  four  steam   shovels,   locomotives, 


A   PORTION   OF   THK   COMPLETED    DITCH 


cars,  etc.,  also  about  700  head  of  horses  and  over  1,000  men 
for  a  period  of  nearly  a  year. 

The  size  of  the  ditch  varies  according  to  the  nature  of 
the  ground.  In  one  division,  No.  i,  it  is  23  feet  on  the  bot- 
tom and  15  feet  deep,  carrying  13  feet  of  water  at  all  times. 

The  tunnels  are  all  constructed  a  little  smaller  area,  and 
the  sides,  bottom  and  arches  are  smoothly  concreted  and 
built  with  a  heavy  grade,  permitting  of  a  very  rapid  flow  of 
water,  and  will  carry  all  that  flows  through  the  ditch. 
Heavy  spillways  and  waste-gates  are  constructed  along  the 
line  at  intervals  to  afford  outlets  for  the  water  in  case  of  a 
break  in  any  portion  of  the  ditch. 

This  ditch  carries  from  1,200  to- 1,400  feet  of  water  per 
second,  and  is  one  of  the  largest,  if  not  the  largest,  in  the 
country. 

Reference  to  page  5  in  this  publication,  on  "Irrigation," 
by  L.  H.  Taylor,  engineer  in  the  United  States  Reclamation 
Service,  gives  additional  and  detailed  information  regarding 
the  ditch  and  the  land  through  which  it  runs,  as  well  as  the 
character  and  great  possibilities  of  the  country. 

This  has  been  one  of  the  most  difficult  pieces  of  work 
that  will  have  to  be  done  on  this  portion  of  the  system,  as 
the  ditch  runs  through  a  rough  uneven  country,  the  mate- 
rial of  which  is  very  changeable;  so  far  all  engineering  diffi- 
culties have  been  overcome,  and  the  ditch  will  be  completed 
and  water  running  April  i,  1905. 

The  construction  of  this  work  has  been  under  the  direct 
supervision  of  Mr.  A.  J.  Raisch  and  A.  E.  Buckman,  who  are 
devoting  time  and  energy  in  carrying  out  its  completion.  BM 

The  Construction  Company  are  operating  7o-ton  Bucyrus 
steam  shovels  on  this  work,  and  in  order  to  lift  the  material 
out  of  the  ditch  and  into  cars  it  was  necessary  to  have  con- 
structed special  booms  40  feet  in  length.  This  is  the  largest 
boom  ever  operated  on  a  steam  shovel,  and  the  Company 
have  had  no  end  of  trouble  and  mechanical  difficulties  to 
overcome  before  reaching  the  point  of  perfection  they  have 


[74] 


now  obtained.  A  picture  of  one  of  these  shovels  can  be  seen 
in  the  accompanying  cuts.  These  shovels  are  now  worked 
very  successfully  in  the  rough  bouldery  ground. 

The  carrying  out  and  completion  of  this  work  is  one  of 
the  greatest  improvements  that  has  ever  been  introduced  by 
the  United  States  Government,  and  its  effect  and  benefit  is 
very  far-reaching,  and  it  will  put  into  cultivation  a  large 
tract  of  land  that  has  heretofore  been  barren,  which  on  the 
completion  of  this  ditch  and  of  the  placing  of  water  on  the 
land  will  make  it  blossom  like  the  rose,  and  the  great  and 
now  barren  waste  of  sand  and  sage-brush  will  be  turned  into 
green  fields  and  waving  with  grain  and  corn.  This  work 
will  encourage  the  undertaking  of  the  same  line  of  work  by 
private  individuals  on  a  smaller  scale. 

The  San  Francisco  Construction  Company  have  had  ex- 
tensive work  of  this  character  throughout  the  entire  Coast, 
and  are  equipped  with  a  plant  that  will  enable  them  to  suc- 


ONE   OF   THE   TUNNELS   WHICH  WILL    BE   LINED   WITH 
CONCRETE,   THROUGH   WHICH    THE   WATER   PASSES 


cessfully  carry  out  any  kind  of  ditch  or  excavation  work,  on 
a  large  or  small  scale;  and  are  prepared  to  construct  ditches 
or  build  railroads  on  short  notice.  The  capable  and  efficient 
manner  in  which  they  have  performed  and  carried  out  the 


THE    BIG    LONG    BOOM    STEAM    SHOVEL    BELONGING    TO 
SAN    FRANCISCO   CONSTRUCTION   COMPANY 

construction  of  this  great  work,  and  the  many  perplexing 
difficulties  they  have  overcome,  is  a  guarantee  as  to  their 
ability  to  handle  and  carry  out  any  work  they  may  under- 
take in  a  satisfactory  manner. 

Mr.  Buckman  and  Mr.  Raisch,  individually  and  collect- 
ively, have  been  in  the  contracting  business  for  many  years 
and  have  had  a  wide  and  varied  experience  in'all  kinds  of 
work,  including  railroad  building,  tunnels,  concrete  and  stone 
work,  large  excavations  of  both  rock  and  earth,  flumes  and 
ditch  work,  pipe  laying,  sewering  and  conduit  work  in  all 
parts  of  the  Coast,  and  have  always  given  satisfaction.  They 
pay  particular  attention  to  the  treatment  of  their  men  and 
to  the  sanitary  condition  of  their  camps. 


[75] 


Present  Membership   of  the    Chamber 
of  Commerce,  Reno,  Nevada 


Abbott,  Dr.  C.  T. 
Anderson,  Henry 
Andreuccetti,  Peter 
Ainley,  J.  A.  &  Son 
Aitken,  J.  F. 
Ayres,  Albert  D. 
Bacon  &  Branard 
Bacon,  E.  L. 
Barett,  Mat  A. 
Barrett,  John 
Bakeless,  I.  N. 
Ballinger,  W.  M. 
Bender,  C.  T. 
Becker,  C. 
Becker,  J.  J.  Est. 
Beard,  W.  S. 
Beck,  H.  H. 
Bevier,  Louis 
Bingham,  C.  E. 
Bingham,  E.  L. 
Bonham,  J.  A. 
Bony,  V.  F. 
Boughton,  F.  M. 
Boyd,  James  S. 
Bragg,  Allen  C. 
Bradley,  J.  R.  Co. 
Bray,  J.  E. 
Brearley  &  Uniacke 
Breuner,  John  &  Son 
Brownlee,  H.  C. 
Bryson  &  Cohn 


Burnett,  Dr.  W.  F. 
Burke,  Chas. 
Burke,  J. 
Burke,  Peter 
Campbell,  C.  M. 
Chandler,  R.  R. 
Caffrey,  W.  G. 
Campbell,  Frank 
Carr  &  Elliott 
Carroll  &  Seaman 
Carpenter,  Emery 
Cheatham,  T.  R. 
Clark,  A.  J. 
Cleator,  Robert 
Clough,  C.  E. 
Coats  &  White 
Coffin  &  Larcum 
Cooke,  H.  R. 
Coppersmith,  W.  E. 
Corecco,  Jerry  S. 
Cox,  W.  L. 
Craig,  W.  B. 
Crampton,  H.  J. 
Crawley,  J.  M. 
Crawley,  John  D. 
Crosby,  G.  T. 
Curler,  B.  F. 
Curler,  Benj. 
Currie,  Steve 
Dann,  F.  P. 
Darling,  H.  J. 


Davenport,  C.  M. 
Davis,  H. 
Dawson,  D.  A. 
Defanti,  A. 
DeHalsea,  Dr.  D.  M. 
DeHart,  H.  L. 
Dennis,  J.  H. 
Dixon  Brothers 
Dodge,  E.  R. 
Donnels,  A.  T. 
Donald  &  Stinemantz 
Drappe,  E.  L. 
Driver,  W.  G. 
Dromiack,  A. 
Dryer,  Chas. 
Evans,  M.  L. 
Everett,  Frank  C. 
Fee,  Dr.  George 
Feld  &  Jarvis 
Field,  H.  L. 
Fitzgerald,  J.  A. 
Flanigan,  P.  L. 
Flanigan  Warehouse 
Fleishman,  L.  P. 
Fogg,  W.  A. 
Foster,  Sidney  C. 
Fox,  A.  W. 
Frank  Brothers 
Frank,  M.  &  Co. 
Fraily  &  Goodwin 
Frale'y,  H. 
Fredrick,  Marcus 
Frey,  Frank  J. 
Frisch,  Charles  J. 
Fulton,  J.  M. 
Fulton,  R.  L. 


Genesy,  B.  J. 
Gibson,  S.  C. 
Golden  Eagle  Hotel 
Golden,  Frank 
Gosse,  H.  J. 
Graham,  W.  D.  R. 
Gray,  J.  H. 
Gray,  Reid  &  Wright 
Great  American  Tea  Co. 
Griffin,  A.  D. 
Grocery  Co.,W.  B. 
Gulling,  C. 
Hamilton,  Dr.  J.  A. 
Hayes,  John 
Hennessy,  Dr.  J.  C. 
Henry,  James 
Herz,  R.  &  Bro. 
Hershiser,  A.  E. 
Hibbard,  A.  A. 
Hibbard  &  McPhail 
Hildebrand  &  Co. 
Hilp,  Sol 
Hilsinger,  E.  C. 
Hodgkinson,  S.  J. 
Holcomb,  G.  R. 
Holesworth,  George  E. 
Holmes,  A.  W. 
Hopkins,  J.  W. 
Humphreys,  J.  E. 
Hymers,  T.  K. 
Ingalls,  G.  W. 
Jackson,  J.W. 
Jenkins,  Mrs.  W.  T. 
Jerome,  S.  B. 
King,  F.  D. 
Kirman,  R. 


[76] 


Knox,  Charles  L. 
Knox,  H.  L.  W. 
Kreft,  A.  B. 
Kuhn  Bros. 
Larcombe,  Geo.  W. 
Leeper,  R.  C. 
Leete,  Wm.  H. 
Lehrbuss,  Mrs.  L.  E. 
Leopold,  J.  C. 
Levy,  Sol 
Levy,  William 
Lewis,  Dr.  J.  A. 
Lewis,  F.  R. 
Loring,  C.  F. 
Loveland,  S.  D. 
Manheim,  A.  B. 
Manson,  W.  O. 
Manning,  A.  H. 
Martin,  H.  M. 
McCormick,  E.  J. 
McCormack,  J.  M. 
McDowell,  R.  H. 
McMillan,  M.  C. 
McNeilly,  W.  D. 
McPhail,  A.  F. 
Massey,  W.  A. 
Merklinger,  J.  G. 
Merrill,  E. 
Merklinger,  G. 
Michael,  J. 
Mitchell,  W.  J. 
Monroe,  J.  E. 
Mooser,  Dr.  C.  E. 
IVfott,  C.  M. 
Murray,  J.  J. 
Nailey,  J.  B. 


Nash,  Richard 
Nelson,  A. 
Nelson  &  Paterson 
Nevada  Hdw.  &  Supply  Co. 
Nevada  Meat  Co. 
Nevada  Planing  Mill 
Nevada  P.  W.  &  L.  Co. 
Newlands,  F.  G. 
Nixon,  George  S. 
Nolan,  George  E. 
Norcross,  C.  A. 
Norcross,  F.  H. 
North,  A. 
Novacovich,  C. 
Noyes,  W.  H. 
Oakland  Meat  Co. 
O'Connor,  D.  W. 
O'Keefe,  Dan 
O' Sullivan,  J.  D. 
Overland  Hotel 
Packard,  P.  N. 
Painter,  C.  H. 
Parry,  R.  W. 
Paterson,  Andrew 
Patterson,  Dr.  W.  H. 
Peck,  S.  J.  &  Co. 
Pedercini,  G. 
Perkins  &  Oliver 
Pike,  W.  H.  A. 
Plummer,  A.  W. 
Porteous  Decorating  Co. 
Porteous,  S.  G. 
Prentice,  E.  H. 
Price,  A.  F. 
Quinn,  F.  P. 
Reno  Cash  Store 


Reno  Meat  Co. 
Reno  Mercantile  Co. 
Reno  Mill  &  Lumber  Co. 
Reno  Brewing  Co. 
Reynolds,  R. 
Riter,  H. 
Riverside  Mill 
Robeson,  G.  A. 
Robinson,  William  F. 
Roff,  N.  W. 
Rosenthal  &  Armanko 
Ross,  Dr.  Donald 
Rulison,  D.  W. 
Ryland,  R. 
Sain,  C.  M. 
Sample,  S.  M. 
Sauer,  George 
Savage,  S.  C. 
Scheeline,  M. 
Schmitt,  Edw. 
Schwarzschild,  J. 
Shearer,  B.  C. 
Smith,  H.  A. 
Smith,  Oscar 
Snyder,  Chas. 
Souchereau,  J.  E. 
Sparks,  John 
Spencer,  A. 
Spriggs,  Fred  R. 
Steinmetz,  Theo.  J. 
Stewart,  W.  E.  M. 
Strassburg,  Fred 
Stubbs,  J.  E. 
Sue  Wah 
Sunderland,  John 
Taylor,  George  H. 


Taylor,  L.  H. 
Taylor,  S.  T. 
Talbott,  G.  F. 
Taubert,  C.  T. 
Ten  Broeck,  A.  H. 
Thoma,  Dr.  G.  H. 
Thompson,  F.  T. 
Thompson,  Harry 
Pietjen,  Henry  H. 
Thyes,  H.  J. 
Tooley,  A.  F. 
Turrittin,  George  F. 
Updike,  A.  B. 
Updike,  F.  C. 
Van  Buren,  H.  M. 
Van  Duzer,  C.  D. 
Vernon,  E. 
Vogliotti,  Felix 
Ward,  Bert  W. 
Walker,  Dr.  M.  R. 
Webster,  W.  W. 
Wegg  &  Boughton 
Western  Ore  Purchasing  Co. 
Wedekind,  Geo. 
Wheeler,  D.  C. 
Wheeler,  S.  H. 
Wilkin,  Frank  B. 
Williams,  S. 
Williamson,  J.  H. 
Wolfe,  M. 
Woodard,  J.  C. 
Woods,  Dr.  C.  H. 
Wren,  Thos. 
Wright  Bros. 
Wright,  John  W. 
Young,  George  J. 


[77] 


Publications  on  file  at  the  Chamber  of  Commerce 

American  Mining  News,  New  York 

California  and  Nevada  State  Gazetteer  and  Business  Direc- 
tory, Suits-Shuman  Co.  Publishers 
Central  Nevadan,  Battle  Mountain,  Nevada 
Cherry  Creek  Miner,  Ely,  White  Pine  County,  Nevada 
Chronicle -Union,  Bridgeport,  California 
Delamar  Lode,  Delamar,  Nevada 
Dayton  Advocate,  Dayton,  Nevada 
Eureka  Sentinel,  Eureka,  Nevada 
Inyo  Register,  Bishop,  California 
Lead  and  Zinc  News,  St.  Louis,  Missouri 
Lincoln  County  Record,  Pioche,  Nevada 
Lyon  County  Times,  Yerrington,  Nevada 
Mining  and  Scientific  Press,  San  Francisco 
Mining  Investor,  Colorado  Springs,  Colorado 
Mining  Review,  Los  Angeles,  California 
Mining  Review,  Salt  Lake,  Utah 
Mining  Reporter,  Denver,  Colorado 
Mining    World,  Chicago,  Illinois 
Nevada  State  Herald,  Wells,  Nevada 
Orchard  and  Farm,  San  Francisco 
Ores  and  Metals,  Denver,  Colorado 
Pacific  Coast  Miner,  Los  Angeles,  California 
Petaluma  Poultry  Journal,  Petaluma,  California 
Reno  Evening  Gazette 
Sierra  Valley  Record,  Sierraville,  California 
Sparks  Headlight,  Sparks,  Nevada 
Surprise  Valley  Record,  Cedarville,  California 

[78] 


The  Argus,  Lovelock,  Nevada 

The  Bonanza,  Tonopah,  Nevada 

The  Bulletin,  San  Francisco 

The  Call,  San  Francisco 

The  Carson  Appeal,  Carson,  Nevada 

The  Carson  News,  Carson,  Nevada 

The  Chronicle,  San  Francisco 

The  Chronicle,  Virginia  City,  Nevada 

The  Churchill  Standard,  Fallon,  Nevada 

The  Enterprise,  Virginia  City,  Nevada 

The  Evening  Bee,  Sacramento,  California 

The  Examiner,  San  Francisco 

The  Free  Press,  Elko,  Nevada 

The  Fruit  World,  Los  Angeles,  California 

The  Goldfield  News,  Goldfield,  Nevada 

The  Goldfield  Revieiv,  Goldfield,  Nevada 

The  Ledger,  Reno 

The  Nevada  Observer,  Reno 

The  Nevada  State  Journal,  Reno 

White  Pine  News,  Ely,  Nevada 

The  Record,  Gardnerville,  Nevada 

The  Reese  River  Reveille,  Austin,  Nevada 

The  Searchlight,  Searchlight,  Nevada 

The  Sunset  Magazine,  San  Francisco 

The  Stiver  State,  Winnemucca,  Nevada 

The  Tonopah  Miner,  Tonopah,  Nevada 

The  Tribune,  Lovelock,  Nevada 

The  Truckee  Republican,  Truckee,  California 

Tuscarora    Times-Review,  Tuscarora,  Elko  County,  Nevada 

Weekly  Independent,  Elko,  Nevada 


Battle  Mountain,  Nevada 


THE    BLOSSOM  RANCHES,    owned   by  Mrs.  J.  A. 
Blossom,  James  A.   Blossom,   and   R.    C.  Blossom, 
Mgr.,     comprising,     approximately,    25,000     acres, 
are   situated   in  Humboldt   County,    about  a  mile 
from  Battle   Mountain,  a  growing  and   prosperous 
town  and  a  great  stock-shipping  and  trading  center.     These 
ranches   are   in    the   heart   of   the  best  agricultural  land  in 
the  Humboldt  Valley,   through   which  flows  the  Humboldt 

River,  the  largest  in  Nevada,  afford- 
ing great  irrigation  possibilities  and 
insuring  successful  stock-feeding.  A 
very  fine  artesian  belt,  the  only  one 
of  its  extent  in  Nevada,  runs  under 
this  property,  and  there  are  seven 
deep  artesian  wells  flowing  at  dif- 
ferent points  on  the  ranches  which 
may  be  easily  piped  to  any  part  of 
them  and  furnish  an  exhaustless  sup- 
ply of  pure  water.  The  ranches  also 
control  a  large  perpetual  water  right 
of  their  own,  the  oldest  in  the  valley. 
The  soil  is  rich  and  wonderfully 
adaptable  to  the  cultivation  of  many 
varieties  of  vegetation.  The  ohief 
crop  is  alfalfa.  About  20,000  tons  of 
this  and  other  native  grasses  are  harvested  in  a  season,  for 
which  there  is  a  ready  sale,  as  stock  of  all  kinds  is  fattened 
in  Nevada  for  the  western  markets'  winter  supply  of  beef, 
pork  and  mutton.  This  ranch  has  some  3,000  head  of 
stock, —  horses,  mules  and  cattle,  a  herd  of  Angora  goats  and 
a  flock  of  Persian  flat-tailed  sheep,  the  only  flock  in  the 
western  States.  These  sheep  are  becoming  famous  for  their 


R.  C.   BLOSSOM 

General  Manager  of  the  Blosson 

Ranch,  Battle  Mountain,  Nev. 


great  size  and  for  their  many  colored  pelts  which  are  made 
into  beautiful  and  luxurious  rugs. 

Fruit  and  vegetables  of  all  kinds  are  very  successfully 
grown,  the  latter  being  of  a  size  and  flavor  unexcelled, 
commanding  a  higher  price  in  California  than  their  own 
products.  Experiments  have  recently  been  made  with 
sugar  beets,  with  gratify- 
ing results. 

The  climate  in  this  val- 
ley cannot  be  surpassed 
anywhere  in  the  United 
States, —  the  thermometer 
seldom  going  below  zero, 
and  with  very  little  snow 
in  winter,  and  in  the  sum- 
mer being  never  oppres- 
sively warm.  The  nights 
are  always  cool. 

The  fishing  and  hunting 
in  this  valley  are  especially 
fine,  there  being  a  great 
variety  of  wild  game,  and 
of  trout  in  the  Humboldt 
River. 

It  is  the  intention  of 
the  owners  of  these  ranches 
to  subdivide  the  property 
into  tracts  suitable  for 
home  seekers,  and  place 
them  on  the  market.  Full 
detailed  information  may 
be  had  by  addressing  R.  C.  ARTESIAN  WELL  ON  THE  BLOSSOM  RANCH 
Blossom,  Battle  Mountain, 

Nevada.  The  corporation  also  owns  some  of  the  finest  and 
most  profitable  gold,  silver,  lead  and  copper  properties  in 
Central  Nevada. 


[79] 


Mebius  &  Drescher  Co. 

Importers 
and  Wholesale  Grocers 

Wholesale  Dealers 

in  Tobacco,  Cigars  and  Liquors 

Exporters  of  California  Hops 


Sole  Agents  : 

Tube  Rose  Brand  Syrup,  Fruits,  Fish 
and  Vegetables. 

Agents  : 

Bock  &  Company  Clear  Havana  Cigars. 

Agents  : 

Pabst  Brewing  Company  Milwaukee 
Pabst  Export  Beer  and  Blue  Rib- 
bon Beer. 


Sacramento 


California 


Why  use  Brooms  made  by 
Prison  or  Chinese  Labor 
when  you  can  get  a  superior 
article  made  by  free  White 
Labor  on  this  Coast** ****** 

Your  Grocer  Sells  Them 

Manufactured  by 

THE  A.  S.  HOPKINS  CO. 

SACRAMENTO,  CALIFORNIA 

Ask  for  them  please 

Made  here  from  Eastern  corn 

Each  broom  guaranteed 


ft 

TONOPAH,  NEV. 

The  Goddess  of  Gold  flew  o'er  the  earth 
And  pitied  the  desert  bare  ; 
A  kiss  she  pressed  on  the  desert's  breast, 
And  the  wealth  of  a  world  was  there. 

$ 

TONOPAH,  Nevada,  is  today  the  objective  point  not 
only  of  the  working  miner  and  the  hordes  of  mis- 
cellaneous  individuals   who    flock    to    new  mining 
camps,    but    is    also     attracting 
representatives  of  capital  from  all      | 
parts  of  the  world. 

Tonopah  money  and  enterprise  is  re- 
sponsible in  a  great  measure  for  the  dis- 
covery of  the  many  adjacent  camps,  which 
otherwise  might  have  lain  dormant  for 
years. 

The  story  of  the  discovery  of  Tonopah 
is  too  well  known  to  need  repetition  here. 
It  is  now  four  and  one-half  years  since 
the  Mizpah  vein  was  located,  and  Jim 
Butler's  little  tent  has  been  replaced  by  a 
well-built  city  with  a  population  of  about 
5,000  people.  The  financial  needs  of  the 
citizens  are  cared  for  by  the  Nye  and 
Ormsby  County  Bank  and  the  State  Bank 
and  Trust  Company,  both  strong  financial 
institutions.  The  streets,  stores  and  many 
private  houses  are  lighted  by  electricity. 
Abundant  and  wholesome  water  is  sup- 
plied for  all  purposes  by  hydrants  from 
the  mains  of  the  Crystal  Water  Company, 
commodations  are  excellent,  and  the  city 
cafes,  which  serve  first-class  meals. 


JAMES  I..  BUTLER 


The   hotel    ac- 
affords    several 


Religious     interests    are    represented    by  both    Catholic 
and    Protestant    churches,     and    an     organization    formed 
by  a  number  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Tonopah  was  recently 
perfected,    which    will    provide    a    public 
library,  reading  rooms,  social  rooms  and 
a  gymnasium.     The  public  schools  of  the 
town  are  graded,  including  a  high  school, 
and  the  educational  facilities  are    of   the 
best. 

Tonopah  is  connected  with  other  towns 
of  Nevada  by  railroad,  and  the  accommo- 
dations on  this  line  are  first  class  in  every 
respect,  and  the  management  caters  in 
every  way  possible  to  the  needs  of  the 
public. 

To  the  visitor  the  town  presents  a  very 
animated  appearance,  and  the  wonderful 
activity  at  the  railroad  yards,  where 
teams  of  from  eight  to  twenty-two  animals 
are  transporting  various  supplies,  some 
unloading  rich  ore  in  sacks  or  bulk  for 
shipment,  presents  a  picture  unequaled 
in  any  other  part  of  the  world. 

Statistics      show     that     the      railroad 
brought    into    Tonopah  in    the  month  of 
October  over  10,000,000  pounds    of  general  supplies,  which 
amount  was  nearly  doubled  in  the  month  of  November. 
Naturally,  one  wonders  what  is  the  justification  for  this 


[81] 


vast  amount  of  commerce,  and  it  is  the  object  of  this  article 
to  attempt  to  set  forth  the  wonderful  extent  and  wealth  of 
the  great  mines  upon  which  this  rapidly  increasing  business 
is  founded  and  firmly  established. 

In  doing  this,  we  commence  with  what  may  be  termed 
the  pioneer  institution  of  Tonopah  —  the  Tonopah  Mining 
Company,  owning  the  first  original  locations  of  eight  claims 
made  by  Jim  Butler. 

This  company  commenced  operations  January  i,  1902, 
and  has  opened  up  the  mine  by  six  shafts  sunk  to  various 
depths,  with  many  drifts  and  crosscuts,  which  have  devel- 
oped one  of  the  largest  mines  in  America,  and  for  extent  of 
ore  bodies  and  their  values,  it  is  certainly  the  richest  mine 
in  the  State  of  Nevada  today. 

The  main  working  shaft,  known  as  the  Mizpah  No.  i, 
has  been  sunk  vertically  to  a  depth  of  945  feet,  and  passed 
through  the  Mizpah  vein  at  the  600  foot  level.  The  main 
workings,  however,  are  above  this  level,  and  below  it  no 
crosscuts  have  been  run.  The  deepest  point  of  the  workings 
on  the  vein  is  540  feet,  where  a  drift  on  the  hanging  wall 
shows  that  the  shipping  ore  is  from  3  to  8  feet  wide,  but  the 
vein  has  not  been  crosscut  to  determine  its  total  width. 

The  Desert  Queen  shaft,  1,350  feet  east  of  the  Mizpah 
No.  i  shaft,  has  been  sunk  to  a  depth  of  1,127  feet,  and  the 
eastern  extension  of  the  Mizpah  vein  is  now  being  developed 
on  the  814  level,  in  the  ground  of  the  Tonopah-Belmont 
Development  Company.  In  these  eastern  workings,  the 
Mizpah  vein  continues  of  an  average  width  of  6  feet,  and 
maintains  its  regular  values — the  Belmont  mine  being  a 
regular  shipper.  The  Brougher  shaft,  100  feet  east  of  the 
Mizpah  No.  i,  has  been  sunk  to  a  depth  of  700  feet  on  high- 
grade  ore.  The  Cutting  and  Lynch  shafts,  both  sunk  on 
the  Mizpah  vein  to  a  depth  of  300  feet,  are  also  in  high-grade 
ore.  While  the  workings  have  opened  up  the  great  Valley 
View  and  Mizpah  veins,  there  are  three  other  parallel  ledges 
which  are  of  milling  grade  not  opened  up. 


The  development  work  on  the  Tonopah  Mining  Com- 
pany's mine  amounts  to  more  than  2^  miles  in  extent,  and 
has  practically  been  entirely  in  ore.  The  company  has 
estimated  the  enormous  dumps  of  ore  piled  up  on  the  sur- 
face at  26,469  tons,  with  a  value  of  $962,374.  The  value 
of  the  ore  actually  blocked  out  and  in  sight  in  the  mine  on 
both  veins  is  estimated  at  $55,000,000.  The  total  output  of 
the  mine  up  to  the  commencement  of  all  rail  shipments  on 
September  10,  1904,  including  $4,000,000  shipped  by  leasers, 
is  about  $7,300,000,  the  ore  assaying  from  $100  to  $300  per 
ton.  Since  then  the  all  rail  shipments  have  brought  the 
total  output  to  $7,570,000.  These  shipments  would  have 
been  greatly  increased  if  the  railroad  had  been  able  to  haul 
more  ore,  as  the  company  has  a  contract  for  the  delivery  of 
100,000  tons  of  ore  to  the  American  Smelting  &  Refining 
Company  at  Salt  Lake  City. 

The  mine  is  equipped  with  several  hoisting  plants,  air 
drills  and  substantial  surface  buildings,  and  is  under  the 
management  of  Frank  A.  Keith,  who  has  for  his  superin- 
tendent Alexander  Johnson.  The  future  development  of  the 
property  will  include  the  building  of  a  railroad  to  the  collar 
of  Mizpah  No.  i  shaft,  the  erection  of  enormous  self-loading 
ore  bunkers,  and  the  sinking  of  another  large  working  shaft 
on  the  Mipzah  vein,  about  1,000  feet  west. 

Adjoining  this  great  mine  on  the  east  are  the  properties 
of  the  Tonopah-Belmont  Company,  comprising  n  claims  on 
the  west,  south  and  east  sides,  and  a  part  of  the  summit  of 
Mount  Oddie.  These  are  being  developed  through  the 
Desert  Queen  shaft  by  the  Tonopah  Mining  Company,  and  a 
large  quantity  of  shipping  ore  is  being  raised  and  shoots  of 
high-grade  ore  encountered. 

South  of  and  adjoining  the  Tonopah  Mining  Company  are 
the  17  claims  of  the  Jim  Butler  Mining  Company,  under  the 
same  management  as  the  two  previous  companies.  These 
claims  are  being  opened  up  by  drifts  on  the  340  and  540 
levels  on  the  Vallev  View  vein, 


[82] 


ARCHITECTURAL  BEAUTIES  OF  TONOPAH,  NEV. 
No.  1,  DUGOUT  ;  Nos.  2  AND  5,  BARRKL  HOUSES  ;  Nos.  3  AND  6,  BEER  BOTTLE  HOUSES;  No.  4,  TONOPAH  MINING  COMPANY  HOUSE. 


BIRDS'-EYE  VIEW  OF  TONOPAH,  NEV. 


Adjoining  the  Tonopah  Mining  Company  on  the  north  are 
the  15  claims  of  the  Montana-Tonopah  Mining  Company, 
covering  a  width  of  over  4,600  feet  across  the  vein  system 
and  over  1800  feet  on  its  course.  The  underground  workings 
on  these  claims  amount  to  7,000  feet,  and  the  mine  still  has 
3,400  feet  of  unexplored  territory  north  which  may  prove 
as  valuable,  or  more  so,  than  that  now  being  worked.  The 
company  commenced  shipments  in  May,  1903,  one  carload 
of  26  tons  realizing  $8,787  net,  and  total  shipments  to  date 
amount  to  $286,000;  $50,000  was  distributed  as  a  dividend, 
of  5  cents  per  share,  in  December,  1903,  being  the  first  divi- 
dend paid  by  a  Tonopah  mine.  The  ore  blocked  out  is 
estimated  at  $3,000,000.  The  mine  has  been  opened  up  in 
a  thoroughly  practical  manner  by  G.  F.  Badgett,  who  had 


continuous  charge  for  over  two  years.  The  property  is  well 
equipped  with  a  50  horse-power  steam  hoist  and  dynamo  for 
generating  electricity  to  light  the  mine,  work  drills,  etc. 
There  are  15,000  tons  of  ore  on  the  dump  which  will  yield 
a  net  profit  of  $20  per  ton.  The  future  plans  of  the  man- 
agement are  to  sink  a  new  triple  compartment  shaft,  and 
railroad  switches  have  been  built  so  that  the  ore  from  this 
shaft  can  be  loaded  by  gravity,  and  by  another  switch  all 
supplies  will  be  unloaded  in  the  same  manner.  It  is  also 
intended  to  erect  a  mill  so  soon  as  a  treatment  process  has 
been  decided  upon.  The  mine  is  now  under  the  manage- 
ment of  Donald  B.  Gillies,  a  well-known  mining  engineer 
of  Butte.  Malcolm  M.  McDonald,  also  of  Butte,  is  consulting 
engineer. 


[84] 


MONTANA-TONOPAH  MINING  COMPANY'S  PROPERTY. 

The  company  is  in  a  strong  financial  position,  and  still 
has  165,000  shares  in  the  treasury  unissued. 

Adjoining  this  great  mine  on  the  east  is  the  property 
of  the  North  Star  Mining  Company,  owning  5  claims,  which 
has  a  shaft  sunk  to  a  depth  of  1,085  feet-  This  mine  is 
yielding  a  fair  quantity  of  shipping  ore  and  large  bodies 
of  milling  ores.  A  large  force  of  men  are  now  employed 
opening  up  this  meritorious  property. 

Another  mine  which  is  being  actively  developed  is  the 
Rescue,  adjoining  the  Jim  Butler  Company  on  the  east, 
where  the  main  shaft  is  down  about  400  feet. 

These  are  the  mines  which  are  now  developing  what  may 
be  called  the  master  veins  of  the  camp,  from  which  many 
other  smaller  veins  branch  out,  and  still  further  east  the 
Halifax  Mining  Company  has  recently  cut  a  vein,  not  yet 


identified,  of  low-grade  ore.  But  the  greatest  amount  of 
prospecting  is  being  done  on  the  western  extension,  where 
the  Midway  Mining  Company  has  opened  up  three  veins 
with  values  running  from  $30  to  $120  per  ton. 

THE  JOHN    MCKANE    PROPERTIES. 

The  most  important  of  the  western  developments  are  in 
the  properties  owned  by  John  McKane,  C.  M.  Schwab,  and 
others  of  Pittsburg,  and  under  the  personal  management  of 
John  McKane,  who  brought  to  this  State  for  investment  the 
millions  of  the  steel  trust  king. 

This  syndicate  controls  the  Golden  Anchor  Mining  Com- 
pany, adjoining  the  Midway  on  the  west,  the  mine  being 
equipped  with  a  90  horse-power  hoist.  It  also  controls  the 


•&K  --*"  * 

.          •  .    -". 


LONE    MOUNTAIN   DISTRICT. 


No.  1,  LOADING  GOLDFIKI.D  ORK  IN  CARS;  No.  2,  TONOPAH  EXTENSION  ;  No.  3,  MIZPAH  MINK  ORE  BUILDING,  TONOPAH  MINING  COMPANY  ;  No.  4,  TONOPAH  MINING  AND 

DEVELOPMENT  COMPANY;  No.  5,  MIDWAY  MILL  AND  MINE,  TONOPAH. 


Tonopah-Extension  mine,  covering  the  extension  of  the  Miz- 
pah  vein,  and  this  is  today  one  of  the  richest  mines  in 
Tonopah.  Drifts,  crosscuts  and  raises  for  air  bring  the  total 
amount  of  underground  workings  in  this  mine  to  over  2,000 
feet.  The  property  is  well  equipped,  and  is  shipping  one 
carload  of  ore  a  day  from  development  work,  which  is  graded 
to  about  $125  per  ton. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  the  same  people  own  the  Pitts- 
burg-Tonopah,  a  western  extension  of  the  above;  shaft,  600 
feet  and  still  sinking;  also  the  Red  Rock  group,  southwest 
of  the  Tonopah-Extension:  300  foot  shaft,  still  sinking. 
They  are  also  developing  the  Hasbrouch  mine  at  Gold 
Mountain.  Still  west  of  the  Pittsburg-Tonopah  is  the  West 
Tonopah,  which  has  just  commenced  operations.  South  of 
the  Tonopah-Extension  is  the  McNamara  mine,  which  is 


••*=    •*  _  * 
-     • 


STATE  BANK  AND  TRUST  COMPANY,  TONOPAH,  NKV. 


-    ,      " '       iS^^Bin-'  '' 

WE  HOPE  MINE,  RAY  DISTRICT,  TONOPAH,  NKV. 

actively  developing  a  vein  of  good  milling  ore,  and  also  the 
Ohio-Tonopah,  where  nearly  3,000  feet  of  work  has  been  done. 

Right  in  the  heart  of  the  town  is  the  West  End  mine, 
owned  by  F.  M.  Smith,  the  "  Borax  King,"  where  a  large 
amount  of  work  has  also  been  done. 

On  the  south  side  of  Mount  Butler  are  the  claims  of  the 
New  England-Tonopah  Mining  Company,  carrying  low-grade 
values  in  gold  and  silver.  The  necessary  machinery  is  being 
installed  to  thoroughly  and  honestly  prospect  the  large  extent 
of  territory  owned  by  the  company. 

One  of  the  pleasing  features  of  this  great  camp  is  the 
lo-stamp  mill  erected  by  the  Tonopah  Mining,  Milling  and 
Development  Company,  composed  of  20  of  the  most  energetic 
pioneers  of  the  camp,  who  were  interested  in  leasing  in  the 
early  days,  and  built  this  mill  to  reduce  the  immense  quan- 
tities of  lower-grade  ores  which  remained  on  the  dumps 


FOREMAN  BROS.,  MINERS'  DRUG  STORE,  TONOPAH,  NEV. 

when  leasing  ceased.  The  mill  is  built  on  a  cement  foun- 
dation with  steel  frame,  and  has  space  and  power  for  20 
stamps.  It  comprises  10  stamps,  2  Huntington  Mills,  grad- 
ing pans  and  amalgamation  pans.  The  power  for  this  is 
furnished  by  a  Diesel  oil  engine  operated  with  California 
crude  oil.  Not  only  has  the  mill  successfully  demonstrated 
that  the  oxidized  ores  can  be  treated  locally,  but  it  has 
released  to  the  owners  of  the  dumps  over  $250,000,  and  is 
today  still  busily  crushing  out  the  precious  ores,  under  the 
efficient  management  of  W.  J.  Douglas,  a  practical  mill  man 
and  a  pioneer  leaser  of  the  camp. 

It  was  natural  that  the  discoveries  at  Tonopah  should 
have  tempted  prospectors  to  scatter  to  all  points  of  the  com- 
pass over  this  great  mineral  zone,  with  the  result  that  there 


are  many  small  camps  tributary  to  Tonopah,  of  which  brief 
mention  is  made  here. 

About  six  miles  from  Tonopah  is  the  property  of  the 
Tonopah  Crown  Point  Mining  Company,  having  a  strong 
quartz  surface  vein  4  feet  wide,  averaging  from  $60  to  $75 
per  ton  in  gold,  silver  and  lead.  This  property  is  being 
developed  by  J.  M.  Healey,  formerly  manager  of  the  Tonopah- 
Salt  Lake  Company. 

Two  miles  from  this  property  is  situated  the  camp  of 
Ray.  The  most  prominent  object  at  this  camp  is  the  Clark 
mountain  of  lime,  which  rises  to  a  height  of  1,400  feet,  around 
which  the  principal  mines  are  located. 

The   pioneer   property  is  the    Ray  &  O'Brien,  owned  by 


RESIDENCE  OF  GEORGE  WINGFIELD,  TONOPAH,  NEV. 


[88] 


the  Ray  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Company  of  Tonopah,  of 
which  Arthur  Kunze  is  the  manager.  The  main  working 
shaft  has  been  sunk  to  a  depth  of  300  feet,  with  drifts  at 
every  100  foot  level  on  a  body  of  high-grade  ore,  carrying 
gold,  silver  and  lead,  several  shipments  having  been  made, 
the  ore  assaying  from  $200  to  $300  per  ton.  Another  shaft 
has  been  sunk  265  feet  with  drifts  and  crosscuts  blocking 
out  20,000  tons  of  milling-grade  ore,  which,  combined  with 
8,000  tons  now  on  the  dump.nvill  be  concentrated  at  the  mine. 

Adjoining  this  property  is  the  Ray  Extension  Mining 
Company,  which  is  now  sinking  a  main  shaft,  and  at  a  depth 
of  200  feet  will  crosscut  to  a  vein  which  outcropped  on  the 
surface  and  assayed  from  $34  to  $680  per  ton  in  gold  and 
silver. 

On  the  northwest  side  of  Clark  Mountain  are  the  17 
claims  of  the  Mogul  Mining  Company,  under  the  manage- 
ment of  J.  V.  Priest.  The  surface  indications  on  all  of  these 
claims  are  excellent.  The  veins  are  well  defined,  and  the 
property  is  being  opened  up  from  the  shaft  of  the  Ray  Con- 
solidated, with  a  drift  now  in  500  feet.  The  company  is 
about  to  start  a  crosscut  tunnel  a  distance  of  2,000  feet 
under  the  summit  of  Clark  Mountain,  which  will  cut  a  large 
number  of  ore  bodies  at  different  depths,  and  save  the 
expense  of  hoisting. 

Close  to  this  mine  a  bed  of  turquoise  has  been  uncovered 
by  Kunze  Brothers,  and  several  parcels  of  gems  have  been 
sold  in  the  East. 

Another  company  operating  in  this  district  is  the  "  We 
Hope,"  which  is  sinking  on  a  vein  bearing  gold  values.  The 
entire  district  is  covered  with  veins,  and  being  near  the 
Tonopah  and  Rye  Patch  water  line,  the  cost  of  mining  will 
not  greatly  exceed  that  of  Tonopah. 

Fourteen  miles  north  of  this  is  Liberty,  where  the  old  Lib- 
erty mine,  owned  by  the  Cramps  of  Philadelphia,  is  showing 
large  bodies  of  fine  silver  ore.  The  Florence  Extension  is 
also  developing  a  vein  of  high-grade  ore. 


LONE     MOUNTAIN. 

Fourteen  miles  southwest  of  Tonopah  we  find  the  Lone 
Mountain  district,  which  takes  its  name  from  a  rugged  granite 
peak  rising  abruptly  from  the  desert.  Through  the  foothills 
on  the  south  and  over  an  area  12  miles  in  length  and  6  miles 
wide,  a  large  number  of  veins  of  silver,  lead,  copper  and  gold 
ores  have  been  discovered. 

The  Nevada  Alpine  Company,  whose  properties  are  on 
the  west  slope  of  this  mountain,  last  year  shipped  $208,000 
of  silver  lead  carbonate  ore,  and  paid  $70,000  in  dividends. 
It  has  recently  opened  up  a  new  body  of  ore  assaying  from 
$180  to  $300  per  ton  in  lead  and  silver,  shipping  two  car- 
loads weekly. 

Another  producer  was  the  General  Thomas  mine,  owned 
by  the  Tonopah  Belcher  Mining  Company,  which  has  shipped 
about  twenty  carloads  of  lead  carbonate  ore,  netting  about 
$37  per  ton.  A  great  future  is  predicted  for  this  district. 

HANNAPAH. 

East  of  Tonopah  18  miles  is  the  Hannapah  mine,  owned 
by  Samuel  Newhouse,  where  a  body  of  high-grade  silver  ore 
is  now  being  developed.  The  operations  are  much  impeded 
by  the  enormous  flow  of  water.  Thirty-two  miles  east  of 
this  is 

THE  OLD   CAMP  OF    REVEILLE. 

This  camp  in  the  "8o's  produced  over  $2,000,000  in  silver, 
but  for  the  last  ten  years  has  been  practically  dormant  ; 
Norman  Reischke,  almost  its  sole  inhabitant  during  that 
period,  brought  about  its  revival  by  the  discovery  of 
the  Last  Chance  mine.  This  he  sold  to  Thomas  J. 
Lynch  of  Tonopah  for  $30,000,  and  it  is  now  owned  by 
the  Southwestern  Nevada  Mines  Company,  composed  of 
prominent  Tonopah  mining  men,  who  are  actively  develop- 
ing it  with  a  force  of  30  men.  The  old  shaft  was  continued 
by  the  new  owners,  opening  a  remarkable  cave,  with  many 


[89] 


thousands  of  tons  of  high-grade  ore  in  sight.  About  400 
tons  of  this  ore  has  been  shipped,  which,  because  of  its  de- 
sirable quality,  costs  nothing  to  treat  at  the  smelters.  Other 
properties  are  being  opened  up,  and  there  is  every  reason  to 
expect  a  great  revival  in  this  camp. 

GOLD  MOUNTAIN. 

Six  miles  south  of  Tonopah  is  the  Gold  Mountain  dis- 
trict, discovered  by  C.  Runge,  in  September,  1901,  the  values 
being  almost  entirely  in  free-milling  gold. 

Many  prospect  holes  have  been  sunk  in  this  section,  but 
the  principal  working  property  is  the  Tonopah  Gold  Moun- 
tain Company,  owning  eight  claims.  The  company  is 
strongly  financed,  with  George  W.  Wingfield  as  general  man- 
ager, and  Owen  Owens  as  superintendent.  A  trial  shipment 
of  three  tons  of  ore  was  made  in  April,  1903,  which  netted 
$535.67.  Another  body  of  gold  ore  has  been  opened  up, 
and  about  100  tons  shipped,  averaging  $130  per  ton.  Mr. 
Owens,  the  superintendent,  has  opened  up  the  mine  in  a 
systematic  manner  by  driving  tunnels  through  the  mountain 
from  both  east  and  west  sides,  which  will  connect,  intersect- 
ing the  various  ore  bodies.  In  driving  the  east  tunnel  a 
new  vein  was  cut,  averaging  from  $30  to  $70  per  ton.  Ship- 
ments of  higher  grade  ore  are  being  made,  which  average 
$130  per  ton.  Mining  experts  believe  that  this  mine  has  a 
great  future. 

East  of  the  Gold  Mountain  is  the  Gold  Reef  district, 
where  the  Free  Gold  Mining  and  Milling  Company,  under 
the  management  of  James  M.  Meighan,  are  sinking  and 
drifting  on  a  vein,  assaying  from  $18  to  $90  per  ton,  gold. 
This  mine  has  flattering  prospects. 

South  of  this  property  eight  miles  is  the  old  Klondike 
district,  and  the  Klondike  mine  is  now  being  worked  by 
leasers,  who  are  shipping  silver  ore  running  over  $200  per 
ton.  Eight  miles  east  of  this  is  the  New  Eldorado  district, 
discovered  October  last,  carrying  gold  values  on  the  surface 


running  fron\$i8  to  $60  per  ton.  Several  parties  are  ac- 
tively developing  their  claims  here. 

In  the  foregoing  description  of  Tonopah  and  its  surround- 
ing camps,  no  attempt  has  been  made  to  enumerate  all  the 
prospects  which  are  being  actively  developed,  but  the  object 
has  been  to  show  that  Tonopah  is  almost  a  generic  name 
for  one  vast  mineral  zone. 

By  reference  to  the  workings  and  particulars  of  the  largest 
mines,  it  is  demonstrated  that  as  depth  is  attained  the  extent 
of  the  ore  bodies  increases,  the  values  being  well  maintained. 
This  is  especially  true  of  Tonopah,  and  the  many  valuable 
mines  now  being  operated  emphasize  the  fact  that  this  is 
not  a  one-mine  camp,  and  that  its  permanence  as  a  great 
mining  camp  is  fully  assured. 

For  four  years  Tonopah  struggled  against  adverse  condi- 
tions, being  separated  from  the  railroad  by  60  miles  of  inter- 
vening sand  desert.  Even  the  narrow-gauge  railroad  which 
has  since  been  built  has  proven  inadequate  to  cope  with  the 
business  brought  to  it,  and  is  now  being  converted  into  a 
broad-gauge  road. 

The  fuel  problem  is  now  being  solved  by  the  development 
of  large  coal  deposits  at  Coaldale,  36  miles  west  on  the  rail- 
road, where  coal  for  domestic  or  smelter  purpose  is  found  in 
great  quantities.  This  will  furnish  cheap  fuel  to  supply  all 
demands. 

The  construction  of  many  mills  to  locally  treat  the  vast 
bodies  of  ore  in  the  mines  and  on  the  dumps  is  now  in  con- 
templation, and  then  will  come  the  era  of  regular  dividends. 

Today  it  is  unreasonable  to  expect  all  the  mines  to 
extract  their  richest  ore,  and  sort,  sack  and  ship  it  at  great 
expense  and  loss  to  the  stockholders  for  the  mere  purpose 
of  forcibly  paying  dividends. 

Tonopah  is  unquestionably  one  of  the  greatest  mining 
camps  in  the  world,  and  undoubtedly  there  will  be  discov- 
ered many  more  veins  of  valuable  ore. 


[90] 


MR.  H.  C.  CUTTING,  president  of  Tonopah  Mining 
Exchange,  was  born  thirty -four  years  ago  in  Iowa, 
but  came  to   Nevada  so   early  in    life  that   he 
likes  to  claim  the  latter  as  his  native  State.    He 
was  fortunate  in  being  born  a  poor  boy,  and  his 
extraordinary  success  has  come  to  him  as  a  result  of  exceed- 
ingly hard  work.     "Luck"  never  contributed  to  his  success. 
Hard  work  and  study   tell   the   story  as  it  "has  in  so  many 
cases    of   our  country's  best  men.     While   other    boys  were 
taking  their  rest  and  recreation,  he  was  rising  before  daylight, 
summer  and  winter,  covering  his  paper  route  and,  later,  when 
he  entered  the  State  University,  trimming  the  electric  street 
lamps  of  Reno, —  doing  work  in  four  hours  that  his  prede- 
cessor had  required  all  day  to  do.     Many  a  morning  at  two 
o'clock  found  him  still  studying,  book   in  hand,  pacing  the 

floor  to  keep  awake,  when  he  must 
be  up  again  at  four.  He  with  Frank 
H.  Norcross  and  Fred  Bristol  were 
the  first  graduates  of  the  Nevada 
State  University  in  1891.  He 
taught  the  school  at  Candelaria 
for  three  years,  was  elected  State 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion at  the  age  of  twenty-four, 
the  youngest  State  superinten- 
dent in  the  United  States.  Four 
years  later,  having  been  admitted 
to  the  bar,  he  compiled  the  present 
laws  of  the  State  of  Nevada, 
known  as  Cutting's  Code.  His  en- 
tire savings  went  into  a  home  for 
his  mother.  He  still  owed  $1,900 
on  it,  and  went  to  Tonopah  with 
$4  in  his  pocket  to  make  §2,000, 
to  pay  off  the  mortgage  and  have 
H.  c.  CUTTING.  $100  for  himself.  Jim  Butler 


staked  him  to  a  lease,  the  first  on  the  Mizpah  ledge.  The 
mortgage  is  paid,  Mr.  Cutting  has  the  hundred,  and 
"then  some.' '  Whatever  he  does  he  does  with  enthusiasm  and 
thoroughness.  He  is  genial  and  frank  and  no  one  is  afraid 
or  bashful  in  his  presence.  He  is  friendly  disposed  and  one 
cannot  talk  with  him  five  minutes  without  being  convinced 
of  his  absolute  sincerity  and  upright  character. 


The  Searchlight. 


IN  THE  western  part  of  Lincoln  County,  in  Southern 
Nevada,  is  bound  t6  take  a  prominent  place  among 
the  richest  districts  in  the  State.  The  Quartette,  owned 
by  Boston  capitalists,  and  the  oldest  property  in  the 
district,  has  a  2O-stamp  mill  at  the  Colorado  River, 
connected  with  the  mine  by  a  railroad,  and  also  20  stamps 
at  the  mine.  This  property  is  now  on  a  dividend-paying 
basis.  Next  to  the  Quartette  lies  the  Good  Hope,  which  is 
proving  to  be  a  duplicate  of  the  former,  while  the  Duplex 
Company  has  a  lo-stamp  mill  operating,  and  has  opened  up 
large  ore  bodies.  The  Cyrus  Todd  has  made  several  ship- 
ments of  high-grade  ore,  and  is  preparing  to  erect  a  mill. 
The  Santa  Fe  has  been  operating  under  a  bond,  having  mill- 
ing ore  from  the  grass  roots  and  at  one  hundred  and  twenty 
feet  struck  water.  The  Southern  Nevada,  owned  by  New 
York  capitalists,  is  operating  a  lo-stamp  mill.  The  Blossom 
has  some  of  the  richest  ore  in  the  district.  The  Searchlight 
Mining  and  Milling  Company's  property,  adjoining  the  Blos- 
som mine,  has  three  distinct  separate  ledges  crossing  it ;  on 
one  a  shaft  has  been  sunk  300  feet,  demonstrating  an  1 8-foot 
ledge,  assaying  over  $18  per  ton.  Drifts  over  240  feet  show 
the  same  ledge,  carrying  same  values.  The  Pompeii,  the 
most  northerly  located  property  in  the  district,  has  just  devel- 
oped a  large  ore  body  at  200  feet  level. 


New  England -Tonopah 
Mining  Company 


This  property  consists  of  nine 
claims,  situated  on  the  Southern 
slope  of  Mt.  Butler,  about  two 
miles  from  the  Mizpah.  Work- 
ing shaft  on  the  Proudholm  claim 
down  200  feet;  new  shaft  on 
the  Monitor  claim  down  80  feet. 
Stringers  of  quartz  carrying  values 
in  both  shafts.  Equipped  with  a 
50  h.  p.  steam  engine  with  two 
40  h.  p.  boilers.  «-*'«-*'«-*' 


Officers  and  Directors : 

FREDERICK  E.  ATTEAUX,  President 
JOHN   P.  JONES,  First  Vice-Pres.      GEO.  P.  OBERMANN,  Second  Vice-Pres. 

DUNCAN   B.  HARRISON,  Secretary  and  Treasurer 
ALBERT  A.  POPE  JACOB  RUPPERT,  JR. 

FREDERICK.  H.  GOTTLIEB          WM.  H.  SEAICH 
C.  A.  COLEMAN  LOUIS  LAZARD 


THE  NEW  IMPROVED 


Huntington  Mill 


AIR  COMPRESSORS  AND  ROCK  DRILLS 

STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

HOISTING  ENGINES 

STEAM  AND  ELECTRIC  PUMPS 

STAMP  MILLS 

CONCENTRATORS 

HYDRAULIC  ELEVATORS  AND  GIANTS 


rite  us  tor  information   about 


ROCK  BREAKERS  AND  PULVERIZERS 

ORE  FEEDERS 

CORNISH  CRUSHING  ROLLS 

ORE  BIN  GATES 

COPPER  PLATES 

ORE  CARS  AND  SKIPS 

ORE  AND  WATER  BUCKETS 


SHAFTING,  PULLEYS,  BELTING  AND  MINE  SUPPLIES 
Send  for  Catalogues  and  Specifications 


Harron,  RicKard  £  McCone 


21-23  Fremont 


GOLDFIELD,  NEVADA 


IT  REMAINED  for  Harry  Stimler  and  Billy  Marsh, 
natives  of  Nye  County,  Nevada,  two  young  Tonopah 
prospectors,  to  discover  in  the  regions  now  confined 
within  the  limits  of  the  ^^^ 

Goldfield  Mining  district 
what  had  been  overlooked  for 
years  by  the  old  desert  pros- 
pector. For  many  years  these 
young  men  have  prospected  the 
barren  hills  of  Southwest  Nev- 
ada, often  without  means  to 
supply  themselves  with  the  nec- 
essaries of  life.  These  young 
men  were  among  the  first  to 
cast  their  lot  in  Tonopah,  and 
their  study  of  the  formations 
of  that  camp  led  them  to  be- 
lieve those  vast  bodies  of  ore  or 
similar  ones  were  to  be  found 
not  far  distant..  The  experience 
and  success  of  these  two  young 
Nevadans  should  stimulate 
other  youths  of  our  country  to 
like  earnest  faithful  endeavor. 
Both  of  these  young  men  are  now  possessed  of  comfortable 
fortunes.  It  was  about  November  10,  1902,  that  Stimler  and 
Marsh  first  entered  the  district  now  known  as  Goldfield,  and 
camped  near  what  is  now  known  as  Rabbit  Springs.  These 


HARRY  STIMLER. 


springs  are  located  one  mile  southwest  of  the  Combination 
mine,  and  they  immediately  located  the  same,  believing  that 
they  would  be  able  to  establish  a  mining  camp.  For  a  long 

time  their  efforts  were  grudg- 
ingly rewarded,  but  finally  for- 
tune's wheel  turned  in  their 
favor,  and  they  opened  up  some 
of  the  ledges  on  Columbia 
Mountain,  including  what  is 
now  known  as  the  Sandstorm 
and  Kendall  claims,  that  have 
since  produced  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  dollars.  They  had 
found  gold  float  near  where  the 
Desert  Queen  now  is,  or  about 
one  mile  north  of  the  present 
town  of  Columbia.  In  examin- 
ing the  surrounding  country, 
finding  free  gold,  they  made 
nineteen  locations,  and  return- 
ing to  Tonopah  with  samples 
which  assayed  $12  in  gold,  they 
then  returned  to  their  camp, 
making  more  locations  on  Col- 
umbia Mountain,  including  the  now  famous  Kendall  claim, 
as  well  as  the  Sandstorm.  They  named  the  district  Grandpa, 
which,  after  the  Combination  was  discovered,  was  changed 
to  Goldfield.  The  following  April  they  took  other  specimens 


WM.  A.  MARSH. 


[93] 


UlRD'S-KYE  VIEW  OF  GOLDFIELD,  NEV. 


to  Tonopah,  which,  on  being  assayed,  were  found  so  rich 
and  the  fact  becoming  public,  a  stampede  followed — many 
of  the  prospectors  going  on  foot  or  with  burros,  en  route  to 
the  new  field.  What  they  found  has  become  history,  and 
no  attempt  will  be  made  in  this  brief  article  to  follow  them 
in  their  hopes,  privations  and  successes,  suffice  it  to  say 
their  steadfast  zeal  has  opened  up  one  of  the  greatest  store- 
houses of  wealth  the  world  has  ever  known.  The  discovery 
of  Goldfield,  with  that  of  Tonopah  two  years  previous,  and 
with  the  wonderful  discoveries  that  have  since  been  made 
in  the  surrounding  districts,  has  opened  up  the  largest  mineral 
region  in  the  United  States,  and  will  undoubtedly  place 


Nevada  at  the  head  of    the  column  in  the  output  of    pre- 
cious metals  of   the  world. 

The  Goldfield  mineral  zone  is  five  miles  in  length  and  nearly 
two  miles  in  width,  and  lies  in  the  form  of  a  horseshoe, 
The  most  northern  point  is  Black  Butte,  near  Diamondfield, 
and  the  zone  extends  from  this  point  westward,  including 
in  its  ratio  the  Quartzite,  Vernal,  Daisy,  Palace,  Greatbend, 
Goldfield,  Tonopah,  Tonopah  Club,  Adams,  Vindicator,  tc 
the  Sandstorm  ;  thence  south  to  Columbia  Mountain,  where 
we  find  the  January,  Combination,  Jumbo,  Florence,  St.  Ives, 
Velvet,  and  scores  of  other  properties.  Easterly  to  Blue 
Bull  are  Lone  Star  and  other  meritorious  properties.  Within 


[94] 


No.  1,  BLTTE  MINE,  GOLDFIELD  DISTRICT  ;  No.  2,  ORE  SACKED  FOR  SHIPMENT,  GOLDFIELD  ;  No.  3,  FOUNDATION  FOR  COMBINATION  MILL  ; 

No.  4,  COMBINATION  ORE  READY  FOR  SHIPMENT. 


this  circle  surface  values  are  to  be  found  nearly  everywhere, 
the  only  question  being  which  is  the  best  place  to  begin 
work.  Nearly  all  of  the  country  lying  within  this  area  is 
considered  good  mining  ground.  There  have  been  made 
many  fabulous  strikes  within  this  known  zone.  Eighteen 
months  since  this  camp  was  a  desert,  while  today  it  is  a 
veritable  gold  field — as  the  following  record  of  production  to 
December  i,  1904,  of  shipping  and  milling  ore  amounts  to 
the  grand  total  of  #3, 658,000. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  properties  with  their  productions 
opposite  raised  with  the  least  physical  effort  known  in  min- 
ing history  : 

Jumbo  (shipping  ore) $1,200,000 

Jumbo  (milling  ore) 250,000 

Combination  (shipping  ore) 500,000 


LOCATION'  MONUMENT  ON  SILVER  BELL,  NO.  1. 


Combination  (milling  ore) 350,000 

Tamary  (shipping  ore) 250,000 

Tamary  (  milling  ore) 385,000 

Florence  (shipping  ore) 350,000 

Florence  (milling  ore) 50,000 

Kendall  (shipping  ore) 125,000 

Kendall  (milling  ore) 100,000 

St.  Ives  .  .  50,000 

Quart/cite 20,000 

Velvet 10,000 

Tonopah  Club   8,000 

Vernal  No.  2 5,ooo 

Lone  Star 5,ooo 

Clermont 5,ooo 

Besides  these  mines  mentioned,  there  are  at  least  twenty 
others  in  progress  of  creation,  with  good  ore  on  the  dumps, 
including  both  shipping  and  milling  values.  Many  of  them 
promise  as  well  as  those  already  named. 

[96] 


JUMBO  MINING  COMPANY,  GOLDKIELU,  NEV.  ;  ORE  ASSAYED  AS  HIGH  AS  $250,000  PKR  TON. 


Five  towns,  with  an  aggregate  population  of  probably 
8,000  inhabitants,  have  sprung  up:  Goldfield,  Columbia, 
Diamondfield,  Jumbo  and  Milltown.  The  first  two  are  the 
principal  towns.  Lumber  has  been  very  difficult  to  get,  and 
at  present  a  majority  of  the  population  are  living  in  tents, 
but  these  are  rapidly  giving  place  to  lumber  and  adobe  and 
in  several  places  to  business  houses  and  residences  of  stone 
of  very  substantial  character — one,  a  two-story  stone  build- 
ing that  cost  $15,000. 

Nearly  every  branch  of  business  is  represented  and  prices 
are  not  exorbitant.  There  is  abundance  of  water  sufficient 
for  domestic  purposes ;  that  from  Rabbit  Springs  is  especially 
of  good  quality.  An  electric  light  plant  is  being  installed,  a 
brewery  is  being  built  and  a  system  of  sewerage  is  being 
inaugurated ;  there  is  a  telegraph  and  telephone  system  con- 
nected with  Tonopah,  two  banks  and  another  large  stone  one 
in  course  of  construction,  a  Wells,  Fargo  &  Company  express 


office,  which  does  an  astonishing  business  every  day.  An 
ice  plant,  cold  storage  and  steam  laundry  and  all  other  mod- 
ern conveniences  will  be  added  as  rapidly  as  possible.  Gold- 
field  and  Columbia  have  live  weekly  newspapers,  the  Goldfield 
News  and  Goldfield  Review  respectively,  and  by  sending  a 
subscription  to  either  or  both  of  these  papers  you  will  be 
assured  of  having  the  latest  reliable  information  of  these 
camps.  A  public  school  has  been  established  and  churches 
and  Sunday  schools  organized.  The  police  regulations  are 
very  efficient,  and  all  of  the  towns  are  as  orderly  as  older  set- 
tlements. 

Captain  John  A.  Hassell,  a  mining  writer  of  extended  rep- 
utation of  South  Africa,  formerly  consulting  engineer  of  Cecil 
Rhodes,  and  now  largely  interested  in  Goldfield,  states  that 
"  for  its  age  and  possibilities  Goldfield  stands  preeminently 
alone."  The  early  shipments  of  ore  had  to  be  hauled  eighty 
miles  to  Sodaville  and  today  twenty-eight  miles  to  Tonopah. 


[97] 


All  this  will  be  changed  when  the  contemplated  railroad  from 
Tonopah  will  have  been  finished ;  the  surveys  have  been 
made  and  the  road  will  be  immediately  pushed  through  to 
completion.  When  finished,  a  growth  of  unusual  character 
is  assured.  The  momentous  question  of  the  investor  and 
mining  man  is:  Are  the  mines  permanent  — will  they  go 
down?  Captain  J.  A.  Hassell  further  says,  "  Some  will  and 
some  will  not,  in  the  usual  ratio." 

When  this  camp  was  first  examined,  it  was  turned  down, 
and  so  was  Johannesburg,  South  Africa,  and  by  eminent 
men.  A  glance  at  the  old  files  will  give  an  idea  of  the 
adverse  criticism  of  the  famous  Comstock  in  its  early  days, 
and  later  Cripple  Creek,  Colo.,  Bisbee  and  Jerome,  Ariz.,  and 
Tonopah  measure  these  criticisms  with  the  actual  result. 
The  ores  of  Goldfield  which  have  reached  a  depth  of  300  feet 
have  all  turned  from  an  oxide  into  a  sulphide ;  this  is  strong 
evidence  of  permanency.  Any  other  theory  is  without  war- 
rant. I  will  say  the  mines  will  always  go  down  where  the 
ore  turns  into  the  sulphide  (and  all  others  may  go  down 
even  though  they  do  not  turn  into  sulphides).  The  Com- 
bination is  down  315  feet,  and  the  ore  is  now  entirely  sul- 
phide; the  Florence,  250  feet,  and  its  ore  bodies  better 
defined  maintaining  their  size  and  values;  the  January  is 
down  235  feet,  and  in  the  lower  workings  there  are  seven 
distinct  veins,  with  the  same  result,  and  the  same  remarks 
apply  to  the  Jumbo  at  200  feet.  And  so  on  down  the  line 
we  find  the  St.  Ives,  Kendall,  Tonopah  Club,  Florence  and 
many  other  steady  producers,  and  all  holding  their  own 
with  depth.  In  some  cases  holes  of  only  twenty  feet  have 
yielded  over  $10,000,  in  high-grade  shipping  ore  ranging  from 
hundreds  to  thousands  of  dollars  per  ton.  The  question 
then  seems  to  find  a  ready  response.  If  there  is  any  uncer- 
tainty of  the  mines  going  down,  it  is  at  least  a  satisfaction 
that  some  of  them  have  already  produced  fortunes  on  the 
surface,  and  a  happier  augury  of  the  future  that  they  do  not 
show  a  sign  of  exhaustion. 


This  camp  is  unique,  comparable  in  measure  only  with 
some  of  the  great  placer  diggings,  in  that  the  mines  give 
promise  of  yielding  their  owners  a  fortune  during  their  life- 
time,—  better  still  were  they  only  quarries  instead  of  deep 
level  mines.  Hence  it  is  safe  to  say  that  the  average  mortal 
prefers  a  fortune  during  a  lifetime  instead  of  waiting  until 
near  death  to  see  the  fruition  of  his  enterprise.  The  Gold- 
field  discussed  is  but  a  small  affair  compared  to  what  it 
promises  to  be.  It  is  situated  in  the  center  of  a  great  min- 
eral zone  extending  for  many  miles  on  all  sides,  from  the 
Comstock  on  the  north  to  the  Amorgossa  Valley  on  the 
south.  There  are  a  score  of  good  payable  mines  idle 
today  only  awaiting  capital  and  energy  to  yield  their 
golden  stream.  From  Mexico  we  hear  of  American  capital 
pouring  in  to  take  up  and  work  low-grade  mines  of  $8  and 
$10  per  ton,  while  in  Nevada  there  are  scores  of  mines  run- 
ning over  $15  per  ton  idle  for  want  of  capital.  With  the 
advent  of  Goldfield  much  of  this  will  be  changed,  and  this 
great  camp  being  the  richest  producer  of  this  vast  zone, 
will  undoubtedly  become  the  center  or  base  of  operations. 
To  the  north,  east,  south  and  west  new  and  promising 
camps  are  springing  into  being.  Truly  the  name  is  no  mis- 
nomer, and  lucky  is  Nevada  to  have  this  new  jewel  added 
to  her  laurels. 

We  will  now  mention  a  few  of  the  many  meritorious 
properties  in  this  district,  beginning  with  the  Blue  Bull  Min- 
ing Company,  owners  of  eight  claims  adjoining  the  Com- 
bination on  the  east  and  Lone  Star  on  the  north.  A  strike 
was  recently  made  on  the  Simmerane  Fraction  which  pro- 
duced ores  assaying  216  ounces  in  gold  per  ton.  The  same 
cropping  and  leads  run  through  the  Kee  and  Pig  claims  of 
the  Blue  Bull  Company,  and  2*4  ounces  in  gold  have  been 
obtained  from  the  surplus  dirt  of  the  Kee  claim.  Leasers 
on  the  Iron  Dike  claim  have  uncovered  a  ledge  that,  after 
removing  12  inches  of  top  soil,  assayed  $29  in  gold,  and 
have  now  commenced  sinking  a  50-foot  shaft  on  the  ledge. 


[98] 


Xo.  I,  TONOFAH  CLUB  MINE;  No.  i,  LOCATION  OF  RECENT  RICH  STRIKE,  SANDSTORM  MINE;     No.  3,  ORE  TEAM  AT  SANDSTORM. 


The  Blue  Bull  Dike,  running  800  feet  across  the  Pig  and 
Blue  Bull  claims,  is  one  of  the  most  promising  and  continu- 
ous outcrops  in  the  district.  This  property  is  crossed  at  fre- 
quent intervals  by  leads  running  at  right  angles,  and  is 
intersected  by  the  Lone  Star  lead  that  is  producing  high- 
grade  shipping  ore.  This  property  has  been  extensively 
prospected  by  trenching.  One  5o-foot  shaft  has  been  sunk 
and  another  started,  both  of  which  show  ore  of  good  value. 
Altogether  nearly  enough  work  has  been  done  on  the  Blue 
Bull  claims  to  obtain  a  patent,  which  the  owners  will  soon 
secure.  The  officers  and  directors  are  O.  H.  Ramsey,  presi- 
dent; Clay  Peters,  vice-president  and  manager;  H.  C.  Morris, 
secretary,  treasurer  and  superintendent;  T.  F.  Dunnaway 
and  George  S.  Nixon. 

The  Jumbo  Mining  Company  is  owned  by  J.  McKane, 
C.  D.  Taylor,  H.  Taylor,  Geo.  McClellan  and  Geo.  Kernick. 
This  property  has  been  exploited  by  leases  and  has,  in  the 
aggregate,  produced  more  than  any  other  property  at  Gold- 
field,  and  has  done  more,  perhaps,  to  bring  fame  to  the 
camp  than  any  other  one  factor.  All  the  work  on  this 
property  has  been  done  practically  by  leases.  The  Bowes- 
Kernick  lease  is  said  to  be  hoisting  $15,000  worth  of  ore  per 
day,  and  it  is  predicted  that  at  the  expiration  of  the  lease 
the  sum  extracted  will  reach  at  least  $1,500,000.  From  one 
pocket  approximately  7x7x3  feet,  $36,000  was  extracted. 
The  veins  vary  from  the  different  leases  from  a  few  inches 
to  twenty  feet  in  width. 

One  hundred  and  fifteen  tons  were  shipped  to  Selby  dur- 
ing October  from  the  Zinn  lease  that  yielded  $50,000.  Con- 
siderable milling  ore  is  also  on  the  dump.  The  Florence 
is  another  of  the  best  properties  in  Goldfield.  The  lease 
held  by  J.  P.  Sweeney,  F.  Fathem,  W.  W.  Elkins  and  G.  W. 
Durgin  has  been  one  of  the  most  productive  of  the  district. 
Ore  was  discovered  by  Mr.  Sweeney  on  the  property  last 
November,  and  after  an  ineffectual  attempt  to  buy  it,  it 
was  finally  leased  last  January,  work  immediately  beginning, 


and  shipping  ore  was  extracted  from  the  start.  The  ore 
shoot  rose  to  almost  a  point  within  15  feet  of  the  surface, 
and  at  each  level  below  it  has  lengthened  uniformly  until 
on  the  zoo-foot  level  it  is  about  50  feet  long  with  a  strong 
vein  four  to  six  feet  wide.  Altogether  about  $250,000  has 
been  extracted.  While  production  goes  on  at  the  rate  of 
200  to  300  sacks  per  day,  there  is  an  abundance  of  good 
milling  ore  on  the  dump.  The  ore  shipped  averages  about 
$300  a  ton.  About  sixty  men  are  employed  on  three  shifts. 
The  ore  is  being  shipped  to  the  Western  Ore  Purchasing 
Company  at  Reno,  and  to  Salt  Lake. 

This  brings  us  to  the  property  of  the  Goldfield  Mining 
Company,  made  famous  by  the  strike  on  the  January.  A 
lease  was  taken  on  the  January  claim  the  7th  of  last  Janu- 
ary by  L.  L.  Patrick  and  John  Jones,  one-third  each,  the 
remaining  third  being  held  by  B.  J.  Riley  and  Z.  Kendall. 
January  22d  ore  was  struck,  and  there  has  been  shipped  to 
date  ore  to  a  net  value  of  $310,000,  with  eight  or  nine  thou- 
sand tons  of  milling  ore  on  the  dump,  clearing  an  average 
value  of  $40  per  ton.  Nothing  is  shipped  carrying  less 
than  $100  per  ton,  and  all  shipped  has  averaged  $200  and 
better.  An  assay  office  is  connected  with  the  mine, 
and  shipments  are  closely  checked.  The  officers  of  the 
Goldfield  Mining  Company  are  R.  L.  Johns,  president; 
H.  H.  Clark,  vice-president;  H.  F.  Bragdon,  secretary;  A.  G. 
Eisen,  treasurer. 

The  St.  Ives  is  another  property  of  merit.  It  adjoins 
the  Algea  group  on  the  west,  the  Paloverda  Fraction  of 
the  Jumbo  Extension  Company  on  the  south,  and  lies 
within  a  few  feet  of  the  east  line  of  the  Jumbo  Mining 
Company.  There  have  been  two  strikes  on  the  property, 
and  rich  ore  has  been  found,  shafts  have  been  sunk,  and 
ore  is  now  being  sacked  which  assays  several  hundred 
dollars  per  ton. 

From  the  St.  Ives  is  but  a  short  step  to  the  Velvet 
Mining  Company,  on  which  are  several  leases.  No.  i  lease 


fiool 


COMBINATION  MINE. 


is  being  worked  by  Messrs.  Ricker,  Shea  and  Taylor. 
Other  leases  on  the  property  are  also  being  developed.  The 
owners  of  this  property  are  principally  San  Francisco 
people  who  paid,  as  we  are  informed,  $100,000  for  the 
majority  interest,  and  the  property  has  fully  met  all  their 
expectations. 

The  Vernal  Mining  Company  has  several  very  valuable 
claims  located  within  the  rich  mineral  belt  in  the  Diamond- 
field  district  adjoining  the  Black  Ant  property  and  the 
Vernal  No.  2  claim,  where  $500  ore  is  being  sacked  by  the 
lessees.  Four  leases  are  being  worked  on  this  property.  At 
the  present  time  there  are  two  shafts  on  the  main  ledge, 
one  40  and  one  90  feet  in  depth;  sensational  values  have 
been  found,  but  not  in  quantity  sufficient  to  be  termed  a 
strike.  The  Vernal  can  be  classed  as  one  of  the  best  located 
properties  in  the  Diamondfield  district.  The  officers  of  this 


company  are  Key  Pittman,  president;  A.  S.  Watson,  vice- 
president;  H.  B.  Lind,  secretary;  Nye  and  Ormsby  County 
Bank,  treasurer. 

The  Tonopah  Club  property,  together  with  the  Bonanza, 
constitutes  the  property  of  the  Conqueror  Mining  Company. 
Messrs.  Weber,  Ish,  Heubach,  Wingfield  and  Hennessy  are 
the  principal  stockholders.  The  large  ledge  recently  discov- 
ered exceeds  all  expectations  of  the  owners,  gold  having 
been  found  outside  the  limits  of  what  was  formerly  consid- 
ered the  foot  wall  at  intervals  of  about  sixty  feet  in  width. 
Henry  Weber  has  assumed  the  management  of  the  mine,  and 
reports  that  the  showing  is  much  better  than  he  had  antici- 
pated. On  the  Bonanza  claim  the  ledge  has  been  exposed  in 
several  open  cuts,  and  a  force  of  men  are  now  engaged  in 
exploring  the  same.  This  claim  is  also  showing  up  very 
satisfactory,  and  the  management  are  much  gratified  with  it. 


[101] 


The  Sandstorm  group  occupies  a  position  just  north  of 
Columbia  Mountain,  between  two  hills.  The  northernmost 
claim  of  the  group  is  now  the  property  of  the  Kendall 
Mining  Company,  300  feet  of  which  are  under  lease  to  T.  L. 
Oddie  and  M.  C.  Gardner,  Jr.,  known  as  the  Sandstorm  lease. 
A  one-fourth  interest  in  the  lease  is  held  jointly  by  J.  Duf- 
field,  Geo.  W.  Richard  and  M.  E.  Ish.  The  rich  deposit  on 
this  lease  was  found  within  50  feet  of  its  south  end  line ;  soil 
gathered  on  the  surface  netted  $8,800  per  ton.  One  ship- 
ment of  15  tons  of  ore  netted  $80,000.  Nothing  has  been 
shipped  under  $250  per  ton.  A  large  force  of  men  are  con- 
stantly employed.  A  gasoline  hoist  is  in  operation,  and  a 
shaft  is  being  sunk  by  contract,  where  a  blind  ledge  has 
been  encountered  carrying  values  from  $50  to  $80.  The 
ledge  matter  is  an  altered  rhyolite,  through  which  run  quartz 
veins  carrying  free  gold  in  an  iron  oxide  matrix.  This  prop- 
erty is  considered  one  of  the  best  in  the  district. 

M.  C.Gardner,  Jr.,  Percy  Gardner  and  others  have  machin- 
ery for  a  ic-stamp  mill  now  in  transit  which  will  be  installed 
at  Columbia  as  a  custom  mill.  It  is  expected  to  be  in  oper- 
ation by  February  i,  1905.  Water  for  this  will  be  supplied 
by  a  company  of  Eastern  capitalists.  This  plant  will  involve 
an  outlay  of  about  $200,000,  and  will  have  a  capacity  of 
500,000  to  700,000  gallons  per  day.  This  will  take  care  of 
the  milling  values  not  only  of  the  Sandstorm,  but  of  the 
many  other  properties  in  the  district. 

The  officers  of  the  Sandstorm  Mining  Company  are  com- 
posed of  the  following  gentlemen:  J.  L.  Butler,  president; 
T.  W.  Kendell,  vice-president;  H.  H.  Brown,  secretary;  E. 
L.  Mimms  &  Co.,  fiscal  agent. 

The  Diamondfield  Gold  Mining  Company  is  officered  as 
follows:  T.  L.  Oddie,  president;  G.  S.  Nixon,  vice-president; 
A.  S.  Watson,  secretary;  Jack  Davis,  mine  manager.  This 
company  owns  three  fractional  claims  of  about  35  acres  in 
all  —  the  Harvey,  Daisy  and  Quartzite.  This  property  is 
located  in  the  Diamondfield  district  adjoining  the  Black  Butte, 


Jumbo  Extension,  Goldfield  Daisy  and  the  Vernal  No.  2  claim. 
This  property  has  come  into  great  prominence  through  the 
strike  on  the  Riley  lease  on  the  Quartzite  Fraction,  where 
they  struck  a  32-foot  ledge,  assaying  clear  across  its  surface 
over  $150  per  ton.  This  ledge  has  been  opened  up  on  the 
surface  and  shows  nearly  everywhere  values  almost  sensa- 
tional; the  quartz  croppings  on  the  hill  are  enormous,  and 
assays  justify  the  statement  that  nearly  all  can  be  milled 
at  a  profit.  This  property  was  recently  organized  by 
Mr.  Albert  S.  Watson,  secretary,  and  through  his  active 
operations,  it  is  rapidly  advancing  to  the  front  in  the  list  of 
Goldfield  bonanzas. 

The  Kendell  group  is  another  property  on  which  the 
Oddie-Gardner  lease  disclosed  such  marvelous  values  as  to 
induce  its  owners  to  incorporate  the  same.  It  comprises 
three  claims  adjoining  on  the  north  the  Sandstorm  prop- 
erty,— the  ore  being  sacked  and  containing  rock  assaying 
from  $300  to  $1,400  per  ton,  each  sack  containing  several 
hundred  dollars.  About  40  square  feet  of  the  surface  ground 
was  cleaned  and  sacked  to  a  depth  of  18  inches,  which 
carried  large  values  in  coarse  gold  and  nuggets.  The  shaft 
has  opened  up  a  seven-foot  ledge  at  surface,  and  at  the 
5o-foot  level  at  both  points,  assays  run  into  the  thousands. 
Should  these  values  prove  permanent  with  depth,  this 
already  fabulous  strike  will  eclipse  all  others  in  the  camp. 

The  Goldfield  Daisy  Syndicate  owns  three  claims  at 
Diamondfield  adjoining  the  Great  Bend  Group,  and  Vernal 
No.  2,  with  the  Jumbo  on  the  west.  This  property  is  well 
located  and  possesses  a  number  of  ledges  from  which  many 
good  assays  have  been  obtained.  There  are  two  shafts 
being  sunk  by  leasers,  and  the  showing  has  been  sufficient 
to  justify  a  continuation  of  the  development  work. 

The  Jumbo  Extension  Mining  Company  is  a  property  of 
unusual  merit,  owning  two  claims  and  two  fractions  very 
desirably  located  and  adjoining  the  Diamondfield  Gold  Min- 
ing Company,  the  Black  Butte  and  the  Goldfield  Daisy  at 


[102] 


ton,  which  now  proves  from  additional  work  to  average 
$100  per  ton,  thus  making  good  shipping  ore. 

The  Goldfield  Black  Butte  Mining  Company  is  developed 
by  tunnel  and  shaft,  and  carries  a  large  body  of  milling  ore 
which  is  improving  with  depth,  affording  the  hope  that  it 
may  also  soon  become  a  shipping  proposition. 

The  officers  of  The  Black  Ants  Mining  Company  are 
A.  L.  Dougherty,  president;  Henry  Weber,  secretary  and 
treasurer.  The  company  owns  several  mining  claims:  The 
Macey  No.  i,  Macey  Fraction,  Black  Ant,  and  Independence 
Lode.  This  property  adjoins  the  Vernal  Group  at  Diamond- 
field.  Work  is  being  actively  advanced,  with  fair  results. 


RAY    &   O'BRIEN    MINE 


Diamondfield.  All  claims  on  this  property  are  being  actively 
developed  both  by  the  company  as  well  as  by  leasers.  Each 
claim  and  fraction  is  surrounded  by  properties  that  have 
given  the  greatest  strikes  in  the  district.  The  officers  consist 
of  Key  Pitman,  president;  Albert  S.  Watson,  vice-president, 
and  H.  B.  Lind,  secretary. 

The  Empire  Mining  Company  is  pronounced  by  experts 
to  be  very  valuable.  It  adjoins  the  Lone  Star  on  the  north 
and  consists  of  one  claim  and  three  fractions,  owners,  Messrs. 
Weber,  Ish,  O'Brien  and  Mitchell.  Two  leases  are  being 
worked  and  the  company  is  developing  its  property  by 
trenches  and  a  shaft.  On  one  of  these  claims,  the  Silver  Tip 
No.  10,  one  of  the  finest  strikes  in  the  district,  was  recently 
made  in  the  shaft,  gold  running  from  $8.00  to  $356.00  per 


A   LEADING   HOTEL  AT  GOLDFIELD,  NEV. 


The  Goldfield  Diamond  Mining  Company:  Henry  Weber, 
president;  J.  F.  Mitchell,  vice-president;  P/L.  Griffin,  secre- 
tary; Tonopah  and  Goldfield  Trust  Company,  treasurer; 
Kenneth  Donnelan  &  Co.,  fiscal  agents.  This  property  adjoins 
on  the  south  the  Jumbo  Extension,  on  the  east  the  Spokane 
Mining  Company,  and  on  the  west  the  Black  Butte;  is  in 
excellent  hands,  and  should  have  a  good  future. 

Between  Goldfield  and  Columbia  there  is  a  group  of 
twelve  claims  owned  by  G.  S.  Phoenix.  With  a  iso-foot 
shaft  and  400  feet  of  cross-cutting,  he  has  developed  several 
fair  ledges  and  opened  up  some  milling  ore.  The  property 
is  known  as  the  Esmeralda  Mining  Company. 

The  Bull  Frog  Mine  syndicate  of  Bull  Frog  district,  lying 
south  of  Goldfield  about  80  miles,  are  owners  of  Bull  Frog 
No.  i  and  No.    2,  and  a  water  claim,  owners,  J.  W.  McGal- 
liard,  W.  Detch,  W.  Fray,  E.  Cross,  R.  Lanka  and  P.  O'Brien, 
each  holding  a  one-sixth   interest-     The    ledge   cropping    is 
no  feet  long  and  of  unknown  width.     Assays  on    the  sur- 
face have  run  from  a  few  dollars  into  the  thousands  per  ton. 
The  owners    expect  a  low-grade    milling   proposition  to  be 
realized  from  it.     Four  and  a  half  miles  east  of   Bull  Frog 
is  the  Bull  Frog  Mining  Company.   The  original  Benson  and 
Ladd  strike  carries  values  throughout.     H.  H.  Clark  of  the 
January  mine  is  a  large    stockholder.     Other  properties   in 
this  district  are  assaying  well,  having  strong  ledge  matters. 
There  are  a  store  and  tents  at  Bull  Frog,  and  about  300  men 
are  estimated  to  be  in   the  district,  with  the  number  daily 
increasing.     Three  springs  have  been  developed  about  three 
miles   above  the  town,  and  water-pipes  are  now  being  laid. 
The  first    year  of    Goldfield's   existence  was  practically 
finished  December  i,  1904,  though  active  development  was 
not  begun  until   February.     The    showing  during  this  time 
is  a  grand  total  of  $3,658,000.     When   one  considers  that 
the  mines  giving  this   enormous    return   are  only   a   few  of 
the  many  mines  of   the  district,  one  may  well  wonder  what 
the  next  year  will  bring  forth. 


The  greatest  surface  pannings  ever  made  in  any  mining 
camp  is  the  wonderful  record  of  this,  the  greatest  mining 
district  ever  known  in  the  world's  history. 

FACTS    TO    BE    CONSIDERED. 

1.  It  is  the  greatest  gold  camp  ever  discovered. 

2.  It  has  produced  more  gold  in  one  year  than  Cripple 
Creek  in  three. 

3.  It  is  located   in  a  State    ranking  third  in  gold  pro- 
duction, with  a  great  possibility  of  taking  first  place  in  1905. 

4.  It  is  the  poor  man's  camp,  where  millions   are  not 
necessary  to  take  out  the  hidden  treasure. 

5.  Mining    can     be    done    all    the    year    round,  as  the 
climate  is  fine,  dry  and  healthy. 

6.  Great     strikes     are    of   daily    occurrence,    and  may 
strike     "any    man's"     mine     "any    day,"   therefore    stocks 
owned  in  any  mine  may  be  worth  a  fortune  tomorrow. 

G.  W.  INGALLS. 


H.  W.  KNICKERBOCKER 

PROSPECTOR 

GOLDFIELD,  :::  NEVADA 

I  have  been  in  Goldfield  since  its  birth  and  know  every 
foot  of  ground  in  the  district.  I  own  claims  in  different 
parts  of  the  mineral  belt  and  will  sell  on  reasonable  terms. 
:  :  Correspondence  solicited.  :  : 


References:    State  Bank  &  Trust  Co.,  Goldfield,  Nev.;     H.  E.  Wood- 
ward, Aspen,  Colo.;     H.  J.  Newman,  Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 


[104] 


Lovelock  Land  and  Development 
Company. 

ONE  of  the  most  commendable  of  the  private  enter- 
prises in  the  State  is  that  of  The  Lovelock  Land 
and  Development  Company,  composed  of  the  fol- 
lowing members:     George  S.  Nixon,  president;  J. 
H.  Thies,  vice-president;   R.  C.  Moore,  secretary; 
Joseph  Hill,  H.  Stoker,  W.  C.  Noteware  and  F.  M.  Lee,  direc- 
tors.    This  is  a  work  of  which  the  simplicity  and  logic  has 
been  demonstrated  in  a  gratifying  manner  the  past  summer 
through  fine  crops.    It  seems  strange  that  the  project  has  not 
been  in   operation   long  before.     However,  the  example  set 
by  them  is   being  followed   repeatedly  in    other   sections   of 
the  State.     This  company  owns  a  ranch  of  20.000  acres  in 


CAMP    NO.  2  OF   THE  LOVELOCK    LAND   AND   DEVELOPMENT   CO. 
Situated  in  the  center  of  their  ranch,  showing  the  canal  and  laterals,  four  miles  from  the  reservoir. 


WASTE-GATE  OF  THE  RESERVOIR  OF  THE  LOVELOCK  LAND  &  DEVELOPMENT  CO. 
Through  this  passes  all  waste  or  water  not  needed  by  the  Company  for  their  purposes. 

the  lower  end  of  the  Lovelock  Valley,  in  Humboldt  County 
Old  lake  beds  have  been  utilized  as  natural  reservoirs,  and 
the  water  of  the  Humboldt  River  is  restrained  by  means  of 
simple  dams.  The  main  canal  of  this  company's  system  is 
seven  miles  long,  and  there  are  fifty  miles  of  ditches.  A  good 
idea  of  the  abundance  of  water  under  their  control  is  gained 
from  the  accompanying  cut,  showing  the  waste-gate  of  the 
reservoir,  through  which  passes  all  the  water  not  needed  by 
the  company  for  their  purposes.  A  section  of  the  canal  and 
its  laterals  is  shown  in  another  cut.  This  is  Camp  No.  2, 
and  is  situated  in  about  the  center  of  the  ranch,  four  miles 
from  the  reservoir. 

The  first  crop  raised  under  this  system  of  irrigation  has 
proved  very  flattering.  About  1,800  acres  of  land  were  sowed 
to  wheat.  A  crop  averaging  nearly  sixty  bushels  to  the  acre, 
of  a  superior  quality,  was  harvested  and  disposed  of  at 
good  figures  to  the  Riverside  Flour  Mills,  at  Reno,  Nev. 
The  wheat  in  this  section  is  noted  for  its  fine  quality,  and 


A   BIG   HARVESTER  WITH   jz  HORSES,  CUTTING,  THRESHING,  MEASURING 
AND  SACKING  WHEAT 

was  awarded  a  gold  medal  at  the  Chicago  Exposition.  Fifty- 
five  thousand  tons  of  alfalfa  were  cut  in  this  valley  the  past 
season,  and  find  a  ready  market  at  good  prices. 


The  Wisconsin  Gold  Mining  Company. 

The  property  of  the  Wisconsin  Gold  Mining  Company  is 
located  in  Sierra  County,  Cal.,  and  needs  small  additional 
capital  to  finish  and  make  a  dividend-payer.  No  shares 
ever  offered  before  on  this  property.  Will  sell  for  the  next 
two  months  a  limited  amount  of  stock  at  9.0  cents  per 
share,  par  value  $1.00,  full  paid  and  non-assessable.  Devel- 
opment work  done  cost  over  $40,000. 

Address  for  further  information  or  with  remittance,  pay- 
able to  the  Wisconsin  G.  M.  Co.,  Box  625,  Reno,  Nev. 

N.  B.  This  property  has  no  frills,  is  being  honestly 
managed,  and  is  gilt-edged,  the  only  aim  being  to  make  a 
quick  dividend-payer. 


EVERYTHING  for  SCHOOLS 

School  Trustees  and  Teachers  can 
get  from  us  everything  in  the  line  of 

School  Furniture,  School  Apparatus, 
School  Supplies 

Also   Library,  School  and  Teachers' 
Books,  Busy  Work  and  Primary  Aids 

We  have  the  most  catalogues  issued  in  the  West. 
Send  for  them  and  state  which  ones  are  wanted. 
Let  us  send  you  estimates  on  CHURCH  FUR- 
NITURE, OPERA  &  FOLDING  CHAIRS 

THE  WHITAKER  &  RAY  COMPANY 

711  Mission  Street  SAN  FRANCISCO,   CAL. 


ED.  J.  WALSH 

The  Nevada  Boy 
For  the  Best  Groceries,  Hardware,  Crockery 


CARSON  CITY, 


NEVADA, 


[106] 


The  Rocky  Mountain  Securities  Company 

of  Denver,  Colorado 

E.  N.  BURR,  President  W.  L.  WILSON,  Secretary  and  Treasurer 

Respectfully  invites  the  investing  public  to  carefully  investigate  all  stocks 
before  they  invest.  Then  make  a  thorough  investigation  of  the  Goldfield 
stocks  offered  by  us,  such  as  the  Goldfield  Coming  Nation  Gold  Mines  Com- 
pany and  the  Goldfield  Double  Ragle  Gold  Mines  Company;  the  location  of 
each,  the  merit  of  the  property,  and  the  main  point,  the  officers  and 
directors  under  whose  management  a  company's  failure  or  success  largely 
depends.  We  are  recognized  among  the  largest  oil  and  gas  producers  in 
Kansas,  where  we  have  made  money  for  our  many  investors  during  the  past 
year.  We  believe  we  can  do  the  same  in  Goldfield.  We  purchase  outright, 
promote  and  develop  our  own  properties.  So  join  hands  with  a  class  of  men 
who  know  how  to  take  money  and  make  money  with  it  for  their  clients. 

Our  References: 

NATIONAL  BANK  or  COMMERCE,  Denver,  Colo.          S.   E.  VERMILYEA   (our  Goldfield    counsel),   Goldfield,   Nev. 
THE  WESTERN   BANK,  Denver,  Colo.  JUDGE  COLLINS,  Goldfield,  Nev. 

STATE  BANK  AND  TRUST  Co. ,  Goldfield,  Nev.  JAMES  MITCHELL,  Mining  Engineer,  Goldfield,  Nev. 

THE  G.  S.  JOHNSON  BROKERAGE  Co.,  Goldfield,  Nev. 

LOOK    US    UP  Majestic  Building,  Denver,  Colorado  LOOK    US    UP 


TONOPAH, 

THE  GREATEST  MINING  CAMP 
IN  THE  WORLD 


PALACE  HOTEL 


KENDALL  &  REILLY 


TONOPAH,  NEVADA 


Pioneer  Livery  Stables 

Tonopah  and  Columbia 
Nevada 

Fine  Turnouts,  Saddle  Horses,  etc.,  at 

Reasonable   Rates 
Hay,  Grain  and  Wood  for  Sale 


Hacks  leave  Columbia  every  hour 
for  Goldfield  and  the  mines 


W.  J.  SINCLAIR,  Proprietor 


Pioneer 
Livery,  Feed  and  Sale  Stables 

Lower  M  in  Street 

Special  attention  paid  transient  stock 

Job  Wagon  for  town  work 

Water  delivered  to  any  part  of  the  town  in  quantities  to  suit 

We  sell  only  pure  soft  spring  water 

Free  corral  to  teamsters 


Parties  desiring  to  prospect  the  surrounding  country  can  secure 
teams  at  special  rates.  All  business  promptly  attended  to  and  the 
patronage  of  the  community  solicited.  Fair  and  square  dealing 
our  motto. 


Buy  a  Lot  in 

Phenix  Addition 


The  best  located  property  in 
Goldfield.  Broadway  seventy- 
five  feet  wide,  running  straight 
from  Goldfield  to  Columbia. 
All  travel  from  the  mines  and 
Tonopah  must  come  through 
this  property. 


All   Mining  Claims  for  Lease  or  Bond 
Mining  Stocks 

Call  on  or  address  G.  S.  PHENIX,  Goldfield,  Nevada 


Highest  Cash   Price   Paid  for  Gold,   Silver,   Copper  and  Lead  Ores 


The  Western 
Ore  Purchasing  Company 

CHAS.  SNYDER,  MANAGER 
Reno,  Nevada 


BUYERS    FOR 

THE  AMERICAN   SMELTING  AND   REFINING   Co. 


Samples  Representing  Tonnage  will  be  Tested  Free  of  Charge 
Write  for  Railroad  Billing  Instructions 


RoBT.    B.    TODD 


M.  HOHN 


Todd-Hohn  &  Company 

Goldfield,  Nevada 

Assayers,  Chemists 
Mining   Mill    Men 

Test  by  all  processes  any  kind  of  ore 
Bullion  retorted  and  refined 

Ore  purchased  from  mining  companies  or 
owners  of  mines 

Work  done  promptly,  results  guaranteed 
Location  notices 

Come  and  see  us 


Sample  Sacks,  etc.,  furnished 


A  full  line  of  Assay  Supplies 


PALM  GRILL 

Main  Street,  Goldfield,  Nevada 


FLANNERY  &  PERRY 

PROPRIETORS 


This  grill  is  not  surpassed  in  equipment  or  furnishings  by  any 
other  on  the  Coast ;  its  chef  one  of  the  best.  All  the  delicacies  of 
the  season  constantly  on  hand.  The  6oc  dinner,  with  the  fine 
orchestra  discoursing  choice  music,  with  the  brilliant  lights,  showing 
the  handsome  appointments  and  the  beautiful  paintings,  "genuine 
works  of  art,"  adorning  the  walls, — all  combined  make  an  impression 
not  soon  forgotten.  And  the  price  not  as  high  as  the  same  service  and 
the  same  surroundings  would  cost  in  any  of  our  large  cities.  A  visit  to 
this  hostelry  will  be  a  revelation  to  the  metropolitan  city  man. 

Don't  fail  to  visit  the  Grill  when  in   Goldfield 


Crystal  Water  Company 

Incorporated  under  the  Laws  of  Nevada 
Capitalization  100,000  shares,  par  value  Ji.oo 

Principal  Office,Tonopah,Nev. 

Location  of  wells,  four  miles 
from  Tonopah;  the  present 
capacity  is  100,000  gallons 
a  day,  and  is  being  rapidly 
increased  by  development. 
Mains  and  pipes  throughout 
the  town  and  to  hoisting 
plants  completed. 


Now  earning  dividends 


Officers  and  Directors 

URI  B.  CURTIS,  President 

W.  J.  SINCLAIR,  Vice- President  GEO.  H.  LEWIS,  General  Manager 

THOS.  R.  BANNERMAN,  Secretary  and  Treasurer 

F.  S.  SAMUELS 


Goldfield 

Bargains  in  Real  Estate  yielding 
forty   to   fifty  per  cent   annually 

Mines  and  Stocks  at  Bargain  Prices 

Our  motto  is  "make  money  for  investors" 

Write  for  weekly  reports 


Elliott,  Williams  &  Colburn 

Goldfield,  Nevada 


«.    GOLDFIELD    «. 

Is  rapidly  becoming  the  greatest  gold  producing  district  ever  known.  The 
opportunities  for  investment  at  the  present  time  are  phenomenal,  but 

DO  NOT  INVEST 

In  any  stocks  until  you  are  in  possession  of  authentic  information  as  to  the 
merits  thereof. 

OUR  FREE  MARKET  LETTER 

contains  the  reports  as  made  by  our  own  experts  who  are  continually  in  the  field 
watching  every  development  of  the  camp.  Write  for  it,  or  for  any  information 
you  may  desire. 

We  are  not  promoters,  but  independent,  unprejudiced  brokers,  and  will  protect 
your  interests.  You  can  always  keep  thoroughly  posted  on  the  companies  in  this 
camp  by  letting  us  put  your  name  on  our  mailing  list,  receiving  our  weekly  mar- 
ket letter  ABSOLUTELY  FREE. 

DO  NOT  INVEST  IN  ANY  GOLDFIELD  STOCKS 
UNTIL  YOU  RECEIVE  OUR  MARKET   LETTER 

THE  G.  S.  JOHNSON  BROKERAGE  COMPANY, 
Mining  Exchange  Building  :  :  GOLDFIELD,  NEVADA 


GET  A  HOME  IN  SPARKS 

Cf  The  wonderful  new  railroad  town  of  Nevada. 
Cj  Fortunes  have  been  made  in  Real  Estate  and 
the  prices  are  still  low.  CJ  Acre  villa  sites  in  the 
Beautiful  Prater  Tract  at  the  price  of  town  lots 
in  other  additions.  C|  Also  one  hundred  fine  50 
and  40  foot  lots  at  low  prices.  (]f  Bargains  in  all 


THE  SPARKS  REALTY  COMPANY 

SOLE  AGENTS  FOR  THE  PRATER  TRACT 
AND  RELIABLE  DEALERS  IN   REAL  ESTATE 


The  Eureka  County  Bank 


OSCAR  J.  SMITH,  President-  . Reno 

BERT   L.  SMITH,  Vice-President Elko 

J.   H.  HOEGH,  Vice-President Eureka 

W.  E.  GRIFFIN,  Cashier Eureka 

H.  F.  GOLDING,  Assistant  Cashier Eureka 

R.  H.  MALLETT,  Cashier Elko 

JOHN  SPARKS,  Director Reno 


Capital,  $100,000  General  Banking  Business 

YOUR    PATRONAGE    SOLICITED 
ELKO  AND  EUREKA  NEVADA 


A.  A.  RHEUDE  A.    M.   BRITT 

BRITT  &  RHEUDE 

Proprietors 

Reno    Bottling    Works    and    Buffalo 
Beer   Depot 


BUFFALO  KEG  AND  BOTTLED  BEER  AND  PORTER, 
RUHSTALLER'S  STEAM  BEER  AND  PORTER,  MANU- 
FACTURERS OF  CARBONATED  BEVERAGES,  AGENTS 
FOR  COOK'S  MINERAL  WATER.  FLASKS,  CORKS, 
SYPHONS,  BROMO  KOLA  AND  SYRUPS  .... 


THIRD  AND  RALSTON  STREETS 
Telephone  Red  211  RENO,  NEVADA 


Washoe    County  Bank 

RENO,  NEVADA 

Capital  Fully  Paid-up  $500,000.00 

Surplus  Fund  -  -      100,000.00 

A  General  Banking  Business  Transacted 

EXCHANGE    DEPARTMENT  —  Issue  Travelers  and    Commercial  Letters 

of  Credit.      Drafts  and  Money  Orders  Available  to  all  Parts  of 

the  World 
SAVINGS  DEPARTMENT  —  Pay   Interest  at  the  Rate  of  3 '/2    Per  Cent 

Per  Annum  on  Deposits 
INSURANCE  DEPARTMENT  —  We  Insure  Property  Against  Loss  by  Fire, 

Representing  Ten  Leading  Insurance  Companies 

OFFICERS  AND  DIRECTORS 

GEO.  W.  MAPES President 

M.  E.  WARD Vice-President 

F.  M.  ROWLAND Vice-President 

C.  T.  BENDER Cashier 

C.  H.  TAYLOR Assistant  Cashier 

A.  H.  MANNING Director 

H.  M.  MARTIN Director 

D.  A.  BENDER Director 

WE    SOLICIT    YOUR    BUSINESS 


The  Rocky  Mountain  Securities  Company 

of  Denver,  Colorado 

Is  a  Corporation  managed  by  the  following  Officers: 

E.  N.  BURR,  President ;   WM.  L.  WILSON,  Secretary  and  Treasurer 

Directors:   E.  N.  BURR,  W.  L.  WILSON  and 

JAMES  FAULKENER 

THIS  company  is  composed  of  experienced  financiers,  who  are  familiar 
with  mining  and  oil   properties,  and  who  enjoy  the  confidence  of  a 
large  clientage,  including   leading  Colorado  and   Eastern  capitalists. 
They  have  spent  many   months  in   the  study  of  Goldfield   mining 
properties,  and  have  financed  several  companies  owning  a  large  num- 
ber of  claims  which  are  close  to  some  of  the  best  paying  mines  in  the  Goldfield 
district.      Among  these   properties  is  that  of  the  Goldfield  Double   Eagle  Gold 
Mines   Co.,  which   is  in  the  gold  producing  belt,  and   has  strong  veins  of  good 
surface  values,  constituting  what,  in  some  camps,  would   be  a  good   mine,  and 
which  will,  it  is  reasonable  to   predict,  soon  make  a  steady  producer. 


Hall,  Luhrs  &  Co. 
Wholesale  Grocers 
fr  Sacramento  &  & 


Proprietors  and  Distributors 

of  the  following 
Popular  Brands  of  Goods : 


"Our  Taste"   Hams  and   Bacon 

"Our    Taste"   Canned    Fruits   and  Vegetables, 
Oysters,  Salmon,   Catsup,   etc. 

"Derby  Corn,"  "Snowflake,"  "Derby"  and 
"  Sunnybrook ' '  Whiskies. 

Schlitz,  Milwaukee  and  Buffalo  Bohemian 
Export  Bottled  Beer. 

The  La  Internacional  and  Capdevila 
Cigars. 


The  Schaw-Batcher  Company 

Wholesale  Hardware 
Mill,  Mine  and  Blacksmith  Supplies 

211  to  219  J  Street 
Sacramento,  California 


The  Schaw-Batcher  Co.  Pipe  Works 

Manufacturers  of 
Sheet  Steel  and  Iron  Pipe 

Office,  219  J  Street  Works,  isth  and  B  Streets 

Sacramento,  California 


The  California  State  Bank 

Sacramento,    Cal. 


SAFE    DEPOSIT  VAULTS 

Bonds,  Stocks  and  all  kinds  of  In- 
vestment Securities  bought  and  sold. 
Exchange,  Letters  of  Credit,  Travel- 
ers' Checks  and  American  Bankers' 
Money  Orders  issued,  which  may  be 
used  in  any  part  of  the  world.  Money 
transferred  by  mail  or  telegraph. 


PRIVATE    SAFE    DEPOSIT    BOXES    TO    RENT 


DIRECTORS: 

FRED'K  COX         C.  W.  CLARKE         W.  E.  GERBER         PETER  BOHL 
ADOLPH   HEILBRON  JOS.   STEFFENS  GEO.   W.    PELTIER 


The  Wine  of  Quality. 

Shadowbrook  Distillery 
Kentucky  Whiskies 
Bourbon  Ryes,  etc. 


COMPLETE   LINE    OF 

CORDIALS  and  LIQUORS 


ALL  OWNED  BY  THE 

CALIFORNIA    WINERY 


GROWERS,   BOTTLERS 
AND  DISTILLERS 


Sacramento, 


California 


TO  THE  TRADE 


WE  CAN  SUPPLY  YOU 


With  anything  you  desire  in 
Hardware,  Iron,  Steel,  Guns 
and  Amunition.  Agricultural 
Implements  or  Vehicles.  An 
immense  stock  to  draw  from. 
All  suitable  for  Nevada  trade. 


Catalogues    furnished    on     application 
Correspondence  Solicited 

M) 

The  Thomson-Diggs  Co. 
Sacramento,    Cal. 


W.  P.  Fuller  &  Co. 


MANUFACTURERS  AND 
IMPORTERS   OF 


PAINTS,  OILS   AND 
WINDOW    GLASS 

(N 

DOORS,  WINDOWS  AND  BLINDS,  ETC. 
LUBRICATING    OILS 


Sacramento, 


California 


Enn  is -Brown  Co. 

WHOLESALE 

FRUIT   AND   PRODUCE 

COMMISSION        MERCHANTS 


Butter,  Cheese  and  Eggs 


Potatoes,  Onions,   Beans 

IN      CAR      LOTS      A      SPECIALTY 


OREGON     AND      NEVADA 
PRODUCTS    A    SPECIALTY 


I  oo  to  1 1  o  J  Street  and 
I oo I  to  1023  Front  Street 


Wilson    Manufacturing    Co. 

MANUFACTURING  CHEMISTS 
AND  BOTTLERS  OF  THE  BEST 

CARBONATE  DRINKS 

ON  THE  MARKET 

The  Greatest  Drink  on  Earth  is  MONTEREY  MIST 
Bound  to  be  Good  if  It's  Wilson's 
Orange  and  Apple  Cider  in  bulk. 

Sole  Manufacturers  of  "  HIGH  GRADE"   Extracts  and  Spices. 
Depot  for  Bottlers'  and  Confectioners'  Supplies. 

Allen  Springs  Water. 
R.    C.   IRVINE,  205  &  207  J  Street 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 


Deere  Implement   Co. 

209-211  Market  Street 

Agricultural  Implements 
Gas  Engines,     Vehicles 

Wagons  and 
Cream      Separators 

San  Francisco  California 

Write  for  Catalogue 


Adams-Booth  Go. 


IMPORTERS    AND   WHOLESALE 

G  RO  C  E  RS 

COR.   FRONT  AND    L   STREETS 


Sacramento, 


California 


KIMBALL- 
UPSON  CO. 

THE    BIG 

SPORTING  GOODS  HOUSE 


Largest  Stock  of  exclusive  Sporting  Goods 
west  of  the  Rockies 

144  page  Illustrated  Catalogue  Free 


609-61 1  K  St. 


Sacramento,  Cal. 


Nevada  and  California  Products 


Wood,  Curtis  &  Co, 

Sacramento  and  San  Francisco,  Cal.          Reno,  Nev. 

CAR-  LOT    DISTRIBUTORS 

Vegetables,  potatoes,  onions 

Oranges,  lemons,  apples,  honey  and  all 
farm    productions 

Creamery  butter  and  cheese 
Eastern  and  Coast  eggs 


Drugs,  Chemicals,  Proprietary  and 

Pharmaceutical  Preparations 

Druggists'  Sundries 

Glassware 

Liquors 


KIRK,  GEARY  &  CO. 

Drugs  and  Photographic  Supplies 

519, 521, 523  J  St     Sacramento,  Cal. 


LINDLEY  &  CO. 


CHERUB  TEA 

One  pound  packages,  50  cts.    Half-pound  packages,  25  cts. 
Never  sold  in  bulk. 

"Cherub"  Mocha  and  Java  Roast  Coffee 
One  pound  packages  only,  35  cts.  per  pound. 

"Motor"  Coffee,  25  cts.  per  pound. 
In  one-pound,  two-pound  and  four-pound  packages. 

"Cherub"  Pure  Spices,  in  all  sizes. 

All  for  sale  at  many  Nevada  stores  and  at  all  Sacramento 
retail  grocers. 


Sold  to  the   trade 
only  by 


LINDLEY  &  CO.  Sacramento, Oh 
Tea  Importers,  Coffee  Roasters  and  Spice  Grinders 


We  Carry  the  Largest 
Line  of 

OFFICE   DESKS 

CHAIRS 

COUCHES 

BOOK   CASES 

and 

FILING  DEVICES 


Geo.  H.  Fuller  Desk  Co, 

648-650  MISSION  ST.,     SAN  FRANCISCO 


CHURCH 
FURNITURE 

OPERA    CHAIRS 

LODGE   AND    HALL 

FURNITURE 


SEND  FOR  CATALOGUES 


BANK 
OFFICE 

AND 

COURT-HOUSE 

FURNITURE 

To  Order 

SEND  FOR  CATALOGUES 


SIMONDS  SAWS 

ARE  THE  BEST 


* 


IN  ADJU     STMENT. 

*&& 


I 


Vj^fe 


y 


SAWS,  KNIVES,  PULLEYS,  HANGERS 

LINK  BELTING,  AND  A  FULL  LINE  OF 

MILL  SUPPLIES 

SAW  REPAIRING 


SIMONDS  SAW  Co. 


Since  1 858 


D.  N.&E.  Walter  &  Co. 

529-531   Market  Street 
San  Francisco 


Importers  and  Jobbers  of 

Carpets,  Linoleums, 
Mattings,  Rugs,  Curtains, 

Wall  Paper,  Shades, 
and  Upholstery  Fabrics 


The 
Pure  Good 

Tea 
you  should 

drink 


M 

CHOICE 

NATURAL  LEAF 

JAPAN 

YOUNG  HYSON 

.HALF  POUND., 


For 

Fifty  Years 

the 
Standard 


Yokohama      M.  J.  BRANDENSTEIN  &  CO.     San  Francisco 


James  H.  Fannin  &  Co. 


Wholesale  Hatters 


Pacific  Coast  Agents  for 
the  Leading  Manufacturers 


7 1  5  Mission  Street,  San  Francisco 


WHITTIER,  COBURN  COMPANY 


Plate   and    Window   Glass 


Manufacturers  and  Importers 

Paints,  Oils,  Varnish,  Brushes,  Etc. 
Lubricating  Oils  and  Compounds 


Plain  and  Beveled  Mirrors 


SAN  FRANCISCO 


Proprietors  and  Manufacturers 
C.  &  S.  and  H.  &  L.  Axle  Grease        Peerless  Wire  Rope  Grease 

Pacific  Coast  Agents 

John  W.  Masury  &  Son's  Mixed  Paints  and  Colors 
Glidden  Varnish  Co.  's  Jap-a-lac  and  Specialties 

Pratt  Food  Co.'s  Poultry  and  Animal  Food 
C.  A.  Wood  Preserver  (Carbolineum)       Beckwith-Chandler  Co.'s  Varnishes 


LOS  ANGELES 


S.  KOSHLAND  &  CO. 

WOOL 

Bags    and     Bagging 
426  California  Street  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


J.  KOSHLAND  &  CO. 

WOOL 


Commission  Merchants 


268-272  Summer  Street 


Boston,  Mass. 


Wieland  Bros. 

121-123  Clay  Street 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Importers  and  Commission  Merchants 


Specialties : — Imported  and  Domestic 
Swiss  Cheese,  Limberger,  Brick 
Cheese,  Edam,  Roquefort,  etc. ; 
Mackerel,  Codfish,  Holland  Her- 
rings, Olive  Oil,  Spanish  and  Cali- 
fornia Olives,  all  kinds  of  Sausages 
and  other  delicacies. 

Sole  Agents  for  Sierra  Cheese,  German 
Breakfast  Cheese,  Brie,  Camenbert, 
Schloss,  Kronen  and  Neufchatel 
Cheese. 


The  Celebrated 


Porto  de  Oro  and 
Rough  Diamond... 


Manufactured  by 


Wm.  Lewis  &  Company 


San  Francisco 


Use 

Twenty -Mule  Team  Borax  in 
the  Laundry,  Kitchen  and  Toilet 

Sold  Everywhere 


Pacific  Coast  Borax  Company 
101    Sansome  Street,  San  Francisco 


Telephone  Red  75  I 


Meyerstem  Company 


Manufacturers  and  Importers 

Gents' 

Furnishing 

Goods 


Cor.  Bush  and  Battery  Streets 
San  Francisco 


"The  proof  of  the  pudding 
is  in  the  eating.'' 


Equally  applicable  to  CRACKERS  and 
CANDY.  Nevada  people  want  the 
best  of  everything.  They  buy,  and 
we  ship  them  regularly,  CARLOADS  of 

Perfection  Soda  Crackers, 
Cakes  and  Candy. 

We  thank  them  for  their  discrimination 
and  patronage. 


PACIFIC  COAST  BISCUIT  CO. 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Write    Today  f°r  one  °f  our  fr£e  illustrated  cata- 
—  logues  explaining  the  work  in  our 

Schools  of 
ENGINEERING,  BOOKKEEPING  AND  BUSINESS 

SHORTHAND  AND  TYPEWRITING 

ENGLISH  LAW,  JOURNALISM,  ART  AND  ILLUSTRATING 
TEACHERS'  NORMAL,  SCIENCE  AND  LANGUAGES 

Department  of  Civil   Service  Examinations. 

West  Point,  Annapolis  and  the  Consular  Service. 

Over  three  hundred  courses.      Up-to-date.      Practical. 

HAPGOODS  places  our  students  in  paying  positions. 

SPARE-TIME  COURSES  BY  MAIL 

Address:     National  Correspondence  Institute,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Pacific  Coast  Office,  927  Market  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


GEO.  STONE 
Pres. 


NATHAN  L.  BELL 
Vice- Pres.  and  Sec. 


MORRIS  KIND,  C.  E. 
Supt. 


Pacific  Portland  Cement 
Company 

508,  510,  512  Rialto  Bldg.,  Cor.  New  Montgomery  &  Mission  Sts. 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL 

Location  of  WorKs:  CEMENT,  SOLANO  CO.,  CAL      ' 

GOLDEN  GATE  CEMENT 

is  being  used  exclusively  by  the  United  States  Government's  Reclamation 
Service  at  Reno,  Nevada. 


Henry  Cowell  Lime  and  Cement  Co. 


San  Francisco 
•»  California  *• 


Golden  Gate 
**  Cement 


Dyekerhoff  Cement 


Best  Brands  of 

Lime,  Plaster,  Firebrick, 

Fireclay,  etc. 


Write  for  any  particulars 


Jones-Paddock  Co. 

Importers  and  Manufacturers 


Coffees 

Teas,  Spices,  Extracts 
Etc. 


26  and  28  Fremont  Street 
San  Francisco 


Nevada  Sulphur  Company 

SULPHUR 

FOR    ALL    PURPOSES 

Horseshoe  Powdered,  Horseshoe  Pea, 
Crown,  Sublime,   and   Nevada  Lump 

Guaranteed  the  Purest  and  Best  Sulphur  in  the  World 

The  Best  Sulphur 

in  the  World  for  Sheep  Dipping, 

Spraying  and  Bleaching 

SULPHUR 


Highest  award  received  at  the  St.  Louis  Exposition. 

Office: 

707  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 

Phones:  Main  5293,  Buyer  59 


Port  Costa 
*«*«T  lour"8*** 


Port  Costa  Milling  Co. 
San  Francisco 


Flanigan  Warehouse  Co. 
Agents,  Reno 


STEARNS  VISIBLE 

the  Worlds  Greatest 
TYPEWRITER 

ALL  the  writing  always  in  sight. 

The   Typewritorium 

SALES   AGENTS 
Typewriter  Supplies  for  all  machines 

508  Market  St.  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Scott  &  Gilbert  Co. 

Manufacturing 
Chemists 


300-302  Davis  St. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Flavoring  Extracts,  Spices,  Carbonated  Beverages, 

Shoe  Dressings,    Writing  Inks,    Mucilage, 

Proprietary    and     Pharmaceutical 

Medicines,  Toilet  Articles, 

Etc.,  Etc. 


The  largest  establishment  of  its  class 
west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains 


Sachs  Brothers  &  Co. 

Fancy  Goods 

RIBBONS,  HOSIERY,  GLOVES,  CORSETS,  WHITE  GOODS 
EMBROIDERIES,  LACES,  YARNS 

Gents'  Furnishing  Goods 

25-27-29-31-33  Sansome  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Pacific  Coast  Rubber  Company 

453-455    Mission  Street  San   Francisco,  California 


(  Hose,  Boots  and  Shoes 
Belting,  Clothing 
Packing,  Oil  Clothing 


Leather  Belting 
It's  About  Rubber  See 


The  Helbing  Hat  Co. 

Importers  of 

Hats  arid  Caps  for  Men  and  Boys 

Manufacturers  of  Ladies'  and  Misses'  Ready  to  Wear 
and  Pattern    Hats 

3-5    Battery  Street,  San  Francisco 
California 


ILLINOIS    PACIFIC    GLASS    COMPANY 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

Flint,  Green  and  Amber  Bottles 
Bottlers'    Supplies,    Corks,    Labels,    Etc. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  Los  ANGELES  PORTLAND  SEATTLE 


Telephone  MAIN  561 


,  C.A. 


C.Solomon,  Jr. 

INCORPORATED 

IMPORTERS    AND 
MANUFACTURERS  OF 

CHINESE   AND  JAPANESE 
GOODS 


CHINAWARE,   BASKETS 
LACQUERWARE,    BRONZES 

TOYS,   CLOISONNE 

SATSUMA,   PAPER  NAPKINS 

PAPER  FANS,   LANTERNS 

PARASOLS,    ETC. 

Tel.  Main  1079  412-426  Battery  St. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,       -    CAL. 


YOKOHAMA 
:.'        i  -TOKIQ 
KDHE  ->  i 
HDNGKDNG. 


UNDER  THREE  FLAGS 


Dvnham,Carrigan  $  Hayden  Co 

IMPORTERS,  EXPORTERS,  JOBBERS 

HARDWARE,  BAR  IRON  & 
STEEL,  PLATES,  SHEETS, 
RAIL,  PIPE  AND  FITTINGS. 
ENGINEERS',  MACHINISTS' 
ELECTRICAL  AND  MINING 
SUPPLIES  :::::::: 


Drill,  PicK  and  Tool  Steel 
COMSTOCK  Picks,  Shovels  and  Sledges 


PACIFIC    COAST  AGENTS 


Peerless  Rubber  Manufacturing  Co. 

RAINBOW  Sheet  Rubber 
PEERLESS  Piston  PacKing.    Hose  and  Belting 


17-23   Beale  Street 


SAN  FRANCISCO 

BRANCH:  SEATTLE,  WASH. 


18-24  Main  Street 


H.  H.  BECK 

President 


A.  P.  BERRUM 
Vice-Pres.  and  Gen'l  Manager 


Office 


Reno  Flour  Mill  Co. 

Manufacturing  Dealers  in  all  Kinds  of 
Mill  Stuffs,  Including 

WHITE    ROSE    FLOUR 

Equal  to  any  Brand  on  the  Pacific  Coast 


Jobbers  in  Hay  and  Grain  of  all  Kinds,  as  well  as  Potatoes  and 
Onions  in  Ton  or  Carload  Lots 


All  Kinds  of  Meal  and  Mush  Goods 
Our  Whole  Wheat  Flour  Best  in  the  Market 


Phone  Green  74 


RENO,   NEVADA 


A  Splendid  Idea 

The  following  resolution  is  one  that 
can  be  safely  adopted  by  every  family 

Resolved,  That  the  reader,  from  this 
date  and  henceforth,  will  buy 
and  use  only 

Golden  Gate  Coffee 
Golden  Gate  Tea 
Golden  Gate  Baking  Powder 
Golden  Gate  Spices 
Golden  Gate  Extracts 

All  Golden  Gate  goods  are  uniform  in  quality. 
They  give  satisfaction  and  are  economical  be- 
cause of  their  strength  and  purity. 

Our    guarantee    is    back     of   every    package. 
Every  grocer  catering  to  select  family 
trade  carries  a  stock  of  Golden  Gate. 

J.  A.  FOLGER  £  CO. 

Established  half  a  ccntvry.  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL 


Factory:  Commercial  St.  Near  Front  Warehouses:   643-645  Brannan  St. 

Phone  South  304 

Milwaukee  Furniture  Co. 

H.   WM.    FRANK,   Prop,  and  Manager 
Manufacturers  and  Wholesale  Dealers  in  all  Grades  of 

Furniture,   Mattresses   and 
Upholstery 


Salesrooms  and  Offices: 

960-962   MISSION  STREET,  Between  5th  &  6th 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


A  dollar's  worth  of  biscuits 
for  a  dollar  :  :  :  :  : 

That's  the  way  "AMERICAN"  biscuits  are  sold. 
It's  experience  against  experiment  —  quality  against 
quantity  —  when  you  place  "AMERICAN"  bis- 
cuits in  competition  with  'any  old'  brand.  The 
American  public  wants  the  best,  and  is  willing  to  pay 
for  it.  Mere  cheapness  is  not  much  of  a  recommenda- 
tion—  especially  in  food  products.  The  men  who 
make  "AMERICAN"  biscuits  are  the  best  that 
money  can  hire.  The  ingredients  are  the  best  that 
money  can  buy.  No  cracker  factory  takes  more 
scrupulous  pains  to  insure  absolute  purity  of  its  goods. 

AMERICAN  BISCUIT   COMPANY 

801-817  BATTERY  ST.  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

Wholesale  Agents  for  Nevada:     W.  I.  MITCHELL  CO.,  Reno,  Nev. 


John  Hoey  &  Co. 


INCORPORATED 


HOEY'S    PATENT    PERPETUAL 
WIRE     SPRING     MATTRESS 

The     lower     fabric     is    tighter     and     supports     the     upper    one. 


Guaranteed  satisfactory  or  money  back. 
It  is  noiseless  and  soft ;  will  sustain  a 
greater  weight  than  any  other  wire  mat- 
tress yet  known.  Manufactured  only  by 

JOHN  HOEY  &  CO.,  Inc. 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIFORNIA 


For  sale  only  by  Furniture  Dealers. 


Insist  on  getting  them. 


A.  MACK 


F.  S.  KILLOGG 


L.    GuGGENHIMI 


MACK  &  CO. 

WHOLESALE 
DRUGGISTS 


1 3  and  1 5  Fremont  St. 


SAN   FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Smoke  the  Best 


U/GARETTE- PAPER® 

SON  BROTHERS  &  CO. 

IMPORTERS  OF 

SMOKERS'  ARTICLES,  NOTIONS  AND  TOYS 

1 5  Sansome  Street,   San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Water  Pipe 


Riveted  Sheet  Steel 

and  Iron  dipped  in  Asphaltum 

adapted  for 

Irrigation,  Mining,  Power   Plants 
Farm   Supply   and   Water   Works 


Air  Pipe  for  Mining  Shafts  and  Tunnels 

Well  Casing  a  Specialty 
Tanks  for  Water,  Oil  and  Cyanide  Plants 


W.  W.  Montague  &  Co. 

San  Francisco 


LANE  &  CONNELLY 

Manufacturers  of  the  Celebrated 

"Lane   @f   Connelly   Cigar" 

204-206  Market  St.  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Every  First-class  Merchant 

SELLS 


The  best  made— that's  all 


Murphy,  Grant  &  Co. 

Importers  of 

Staple  and  Fancy  Dry  Goods 

Manufacturers  of 

Furnishing  Goods 

Patentees  and  Sole  Manufacturers  of 

The  "Never  Rip"  Overall 


Best  in  the  World 


Gloves,  Suspenders, 
Laces,  Ribbons,  Dress  Goods, 

Velvets,  Silks, 

Flannels,  Oil  Cloths,  Cottons,  Linens,  Etc. 
Blankets,  Calicoes,  Umbrellas, 

Cutlery, 

Shawls,  Notions,  Smokers'  Articles, 
Stationery,  Underwear, 
Hosiery,  White  Goods. 

Ml 

Corner    Sansome   and    Bush    Streets 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 


La  Baronne 
Cigars 

Conchas  Especials 

Puritano  Finos 

Perfectos 


TILLMAN  &  BENDEL 

Pacific  Coast  Distributers 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


A.  Merle  Company 

MANUFACTURERS 


Brass  Foundry 

Iron  Foundry 

Ornamental  Iron  Work 

Brass  and  Iron  Beds 

Silver  Plated  Amalgamating 

Mining  Plates 


Write  for  Information 
515-519  Mission  St.  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


A.    H.    MANNING,    President 


C.   L.  JAMES,   Secretary 


H.  J.   DARLING,  Vice-President 


MIU..ELECTRIC  AND 

MINING  SUPPLIES 

BUIUJING   MATERIALS 

' 


RENO,  NEVADA 


Sacramento 


109-111-113-115  J  Street,  Sacramento 


San   Francisco  Los  Angeles 

Baker  &  Hamilton 

Importers  and  Dealers  in  Wholesale 

Hardware,  Agricultural   Implements   and   Vehicles 

Creamery  Supplies 
High  and   Medium   Grade  Bicycles 

2-4-6   Pine  Street,  San   Francisco 


New  York 


134-136  N.  Los  Angeles  St.,  Los  Angele 


California  Saw  Works 

Saw  Mills      -Saws-      Saw  Tables 


Band  Saws      —Files—      Swing  Saws 

208  to  220  O          rV. 

oan  r  rancisco 


Mission  Street 


Los  Angeles  and  Seattle 

Plumbing,  Heating  and  Steam 
Supplies 


Ro bison's   Addition 


West  of  the  Smoke  Line;  High  and  Dry;  Natural  Drainage;  Site  of  Public 
School  and  Churches  to  be  Built;  Opposite  the  Ground  Apportioned  by  the 
Railroad  to  its  Employes ;  Contains  the  Most  Desirable  Building  Lots  in  Sparks 


G.   A.    Robison,   Agent 


Room  i  3,  Sunderland  Building, 


RENO,  NEVADA 


There 


is 


no 
such  thing  as  a 

fairly  good  razor 
It  is  either  GOOD 
or  it  is  NO  GOOD 

If  it  is  branded 


it  is  good  or  your  money  back 

FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DEALERS  IN   HIGH-GRADE  CUTLERY 

PACIFIC  HARDWARE  AND  STEEL  CO.,  SAN  FRANCISCO 

DISTRIBUTERS    TO    THE    TRADE 


Smoke 


Alexander 
Humboldt 


High-Grade 
Clear  Havana  Cigar 


MICHALITSCHKE  BROS.  &  CO. 

INCORPORATED 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


A.  H.  MANNING,  President 

H.  M.  MARTIN,  Vice-President 


WASHOE  COUNTY   BANK,  Treasurer 
C.  T.  BENDER,  Secretary 


RIVERSIDE    MILL   COMPANY 

OUR  BRANDS:     GOLD  MEDAL,  RIVERSIDE  XXX,  BLUE  RIBBON,  BAKER'S  XXX 
CAPITAL,  $200,000.00  W.  L.  COX,  MANAGER 


MANUFACTURERS     OF     AND 
DEALERS  IN 

Best  Patent  Roller 
Flour,  Corn  Meal, 
Graham  Flour,  Oat 
Meal,  Cracked 
Wheat,  Large  and 
Small  Hominy, 
Rolled  Oats,  Rye 
Flour,  Buckwheat 
Flour,  all  Other 
Mill  Stuffs  :  :  : 


Our  flour  is  made  in  the  best  mill 
that  money  can  buy,  by  the  best 
miller  that  we  can  hire  and  from 
the  finest  wheat  that  grows.  No 
wonder  we  win  trade.  Try  it. 
It  will  please  you.  This  com- 
pany was  awarded  a  medal  and 
blue  ribbon  on  its  exhibit  at  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition  in 
1893  **  for  purity,  good  color, 
strength  j  well  milled."  Also 
awarded  a  medal  and  blue  ribbon 
at  Omaha  in  1898  for  its  flour 
exhibit.  Our  new  brand,  **  Blue 
Ribbon,"  is  made  from  selected 
white  wheat,  and  we  recommend 
it  for  pastry  and  the  best  results 
in  general  ::::::: 


We  Make  a  Specialty  of  Feed  and  Seed  Grains 


Cash  Paid  for  Grain 


LINCOLN  PARK  ADDITION 

TO   SPARKS,  NEVADA 


This  beautiful  Park  Addition 
is  now  on  the  market 

Lots  and   Blocks   for  sale  at 
First  Prices 

Abstract    of  Title,    showing 

perfect    title,    furnished 

free  with  each  sale 


This  Addition  is  the  finest  and  most  centrally  located  in  Sparks. 
Three  restrictions  in  all  deeds — No  liquor  to  be  sold  on  this  Addition. 
No  premises  to  be  used  for  immoral  purposes.  No  house  to  be  built  costing  less 
than  $J 50.00.  All  streets  graded  and  improved,  a  park,  270x400  feet, 
completely  fenced  and  set  with  trees  and  dedicated  to  the  public,  all  at  the 
expense  of  the  owners.  All  of  this  Addition  level,  high  and  dry,  and 
soil  the  best.  Lincoln  Park  Addition  is  the  finest  residence  tract  in 
Nevada.  Write  for  plats,  etc. 

RICHARD     KIRMAN,   Pres.    Farmers  and  Merchants  Nat.    Bank,  Reno,   Nevada,   TrUStCC 

JAMES  A.  BOGGS,  Managing  Agent 
LINCOLN  PARK  SPARKS,  NEVADA 


Washoc  County 
Abstract  Company 


Rooms  15  and  16 

Washoc  County  BanK  Building 
Reno,  Nevada 


Abstracts  of  Titles  to 
all  Lands  in  Reno, 
Sparks  and  Washoe 
County,  furnished  on 
Short  Notice  :  :  :  : 


ABSTRACTS    GUARANTEED 


The  State  Bank  &  Trust  Co. 

Capital  fully  paid  up,  $200,000.00 
DIRECTORS 

T.      B.     RICKEY,     GEORGE     H.     MEYERS,     P.     H.    PETERSEN,     C.    T.    BENDER, 

E.  B.  YERINGTON,  S.  L.  LEE,  WILSON  BROTJGHER,  GEO.  W.  MAPES, 

J.  P.  WOODBURY 


OFFICERS 


T.  B.  RICKEY,  President 

C.  T.  BENDER,  Second  Vice-President 

J.  T.  DAVIS,  Asst.  Cashier  and  Secretary 


GEORGE  H.  MEYERS,  First  Vice-Prcsident 
G.  W.  RICHARDS,  Cashier  and  Secretary 
E.  D.  VANDERLIETH,  Second  Asst.  Cashier 


TONOPAH   BRANCH 
GEORGE  W.  RICHARDS,  Cashier,  Agency,  Tonopah 

G.W.  COWING,  Asst.  Cashier,  Agency,  Tonopah 

SAFE  DEPOSIT  DEPARTMENT 

Does  a  general  banking  and  trust  company  business. 
Eastern,  local,  and  foreign  exchange,  stocks  and  bonds, 
bought  and  sold.  Buys  bullion  on  U.  S.  Mint  assay. 
Acts  as  trustee  of  corporation  mortgages,  depositary 
under  plans  of  reorganization,  registrar  and  transfer 
agent.  Assumes  entire  charge  of  real  estate.  Acts  as 
executor,  administrator,  trustee,  assignee,  and  receiver. 
Financial  agent  for  individuals  or  corporations  .  .  . 


Carson  City  and  Tonopah         Nevada 


FOR      SALE 

Stock  Ranches  in  Central  and 
Eastern  Nevada 

G.  F.  TALBOT,  CARSON   CITY 

Thoroughbred    Cotswold    Rams 
Imported  Blood  and  Sires 

Address  as  above  or 

NOBLE  &  TALBOT 
LAMOILLE,  ELKO  COUNTY  NEVADA 


Hibbard,  McPhail  &  Stewart's 


Deer  Park  lots  are  27  feet 
higher  than  the  Roundhouse, 
and  face  electric  cars.  Nuff '  ced 


ALL   PRICES 


INSTALMENTS 


Depot  tract  lots  adjoin  the  Railroad  Shops'  tract 


Lots,  $100   up 


SEE 


HIBBARD  &  McPHAIL 

3  i  East  Second  Street 


RENO   OR    SPARKS 


NEVADA 


G.  H.  TAYLOR,  President 
J.  E.  HENRY,  Vice-President 


C.  GULLING,  Sec.  &  Mgr. 
WASHOE  Co.  BANK,  Treas. 


Reno  Mill  &  Lumber  Co. 

BUILDING 
MATERIAL 

OF          ALL          KINDS 

White  Pine  Lumber 


RENO,     NEVADA 

Saw  Mill  in   Plumas  County,  Cal. 
Planing  Mill  and  Factory  at  Reno,  Nevada 

TIMBER  LAND 


GULF  BAG  COMPANY 


BRANCH  OF 

BEMIS  BRO.  BAG  CO. 


fi\ 


Telephone  Bush  5 
Cable  Address:   Gulf  San  Francisco 


709  &  7 1  1  Front  Street 


Importers  and  Manufacturers  of 

BAGS 

OF  ALL  KINDS 


Bags  for  Flour,  Grain,  Ore,  Wool,  Plaster 
Burlap  by  the  piece  or  bale.  Twines 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


RENO  BREWING  CO.'S 

Sierra  Lager 

Bottled  at  the  Brewery         Made  from  the  Best  Malt  and  Choicest  Hops 

excelled  for  Purity 
Strength  and  Health  in  Every  Glass 


Home  Industry  Union  Made 

* 

New  Brewing  Co.,  Reno,  Nevada 


GOLCONDA 
HOT  SPRINGS 


AND  HOTEL 

Located  at  Golconda,  State  of  Nevada, 
on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad. 
Special  for  cases  of  Indigestion,  Dys- 
pepsia, Gout,  Rheumatism,  and  all 
Blood  Diseases.  Famous  the  world 
over.  Correspond  with  LOUIS 
DUTERTRE,  Proprietor,  and  get  full 
particulars.  Mention  your  special 
trouble  and  receive  specific  directions. 


The  Most  Celebrated 
Medicinal  Springs  in  Nevada 


Hot,  Cold,  Shower,  Vapor 
and  Mud  Baths 


THE    health-giving    waters    apply 
themselves  with  amazing  reme- 
dial energy  to  a  long  list  of  hu- 
man ills,  chronic  'skin  eruptions  result- 
ing from  diseased  blood,  liver,  kidney 
and  bowel  complaints,  dyspepsia,  gout, 
rheumatism  and  even  lung  troubles  be- 
ing   among  the    ailments  often    cured 
and  always  improved. 


Board  and  Baths,  $2.00  per  day,  or 
$12.50  per  Week 


Genoa,    -    -    Nevada 


WALLEY  HOT  SPBINGS 

JAMES  L.  CAMPBELL,  Proprietor 

AN    ELEGANT     HOTEL     AND     SANITARIUM    BUILDING.       FORTY 
AIRY    ROOMS.  ^.  LOW    PRICES,  EXCELLENT    ACCOMMODATIONS 


